Regulatory Reforms, Geographical Indications and Market Transformation: An Integrated Analysis of the Russian Wine Industry

This thesis analyzes the development of the Russian wine industry in the context of regulatory reforms introduced during the 2010s, with particular attention to the introduction of geographical indications (GIs) and their impact on consumer behavior. For a long period, the sector was characterized by weak regulation, extensive use of imported bulk wine bottled domestically, low product transparency and limited consumer trust in domestic wines. The adoption of Federal Law No. 468-FZ “On Viticulture and Winemaking” in 2020 marked a turning point by introducing clearer quality standards, stricter labeling rules and a formalized system of GIs, including Protected Geographical Indications (ZGU) and Protected Designations of Origin (ZNMP). The research applies a mixed-method approach combining legal analysis, statistical analysis of industry data and an original consumer survey. The legal analysis demonstrates that the current Russian regulatory framework has become more structured and closer to international standards, particularly in terms of product traceability and territorial linkage, although enforcement mechanisms remain less centralized than in the European Union. Statistical analysis of production, vineyard area and trade data show a gradual shift toward increased domestic grape production, reduced dependence on imported wine in bulk and a qualitative reorientation of the sector rather than rapid volume growth. The results of consumer survey suggests that GIs contribute positively to consumer perceptions of quality and authenticity and are associated with a price premium, while uncertified territorial references have limited effect. Overall, the study concludes that recent regulatory reforms have improved the institutional framework of the Russian wine industry, and that GIs demonstrate high potential for long-term competitiveness, provided they are supported by consistent quality control and consumer awareness policies.