This paper aims to construct a theoretical and operational framework that allows us to outline a common thread connecting the different phases of the journey of young people leaving the care system. This exploration will be conducted through a multidisciplinary approach that draws inspiration not only from the pedagogy of care but also from the field of disability. Indeed, it is believed that there is a parallel between the independent living paths of people with disabilities and those of young Care Leavers. In both cases, the success of the transition to independence depends not solely on the individual's residual or acquired abilities, but on the quality of the interaction between the individual and their environment. For this reason, the investigation will take into account the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Using this paradigm allows us to move beyond a vision centered on "lack" to focus on the person's overall "functioning," realizing how environmental factors can act as facilitators or, conversely, as insurmountable barriers on the path to independence. The central focus will be on young adults leaving alternative care (educational communities and foster care) who, despite having reached adulthood, still demonstrate a significant need for educational and social support. These young people are internationally defined as Care Leavers, meaning boys and girls who, after having lived under institutional care due to situations of vulnerability, find themselves having to face the challenges of adult life alone, often without an adequate support system. As stated in the document Care Leavers: Regulatory Framework (2022), the term refers to "all those boys and girls who, finding themselves in situations of particular vulnerability, require protection and support from institutions and who, once they become adults, lose the right to protection and support, finding themselves suddenly—and regardless of the contingency of the developmental moment, the personal and family process of repair underway, and the educational and training goals yet to be achieved—catapulted into the adult world, often without adequate tools to guarantee them equal opportunities for integration and fulfillment." Starting from this understanding, this work aims to explore intervention models, best practices, and educational tools that can foster a structured, sustainable transition process that is truly focused on the young person's needs. By systematizing the knowledge acquired and the experiences observed, I also intend to develop an evaluation framework that can serve as a useful operational tool for drawing possible future guidelines. This framework, built on concrete experiences and theoretical references, can serve as a starting point for designing new interventions and policies to support the autonomy of Care Leavers. Finally, the work will conclude with an overview of existing experiences across the country that specifically address the transition to autonomy of young people leaving care. Projects, interventions, and initiatives that have proven effective in addressing the needs of these young people will be analyzed, offering insights and possible models that can be replicated in other contexts. In light of the above, this thesis aims to offer a theoretical and operational contribution to the reflection on Care Leavers' autonomy journeys, with a view to promoting more inclusive, effective, and sustainable educational practices.
Il presente elaborato si propone di costruire una cornice teorica e operativa che permetta di delineare un “filo rosso” capace di collegare le diverse fasi del percorso dei giovani fuoriusciti dai sistemi di tutela. Tale esplorazione verrà condotta attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare che trae spunti non solo dalla pedagogia dell'accoglienza ma anche dall'ambito della disabilità. Si ritiene infatti che esista un parallelismo tra i percorsi di vita indipendente delle persone con disabilità e quella dei/delle giovani Care Leavers . In entrambi i casi, il successo della transizione all'autonomia non dipende esclusivamente dalle capacità residue o acquisite dal singolo, ma dalla qualità dell'interazione tra l'individuo e il suo contesto. Per questa ragione l'indagine terrà conto della Classificazione Internazionale del Funzionamento, della Disabilità e della Salute (ICF). L'utilizzo di questo paradigma permette di superare una visione centrata sulla “mancanza” per concentrarsi sul “funzionamento” globale della persona. Realizzando come i fattori ambientali possono agire da facilitatori o, al contrario, da barriere insormontabili nel percorso verso l'indipendenza. Il focus centrale sarà rivolto ai giovani maggiorenni in uscita da percorsi di accoglienza eterofamiliare (comunità educative e affido familiare) che, pur avendo raggiunto la maggiore età dal punto di vista anagrafico, mostrano ancora un bisogno significativo di accompagnamento educativo e sociale. Questi giovani vengono definiti a livello internazionale con il termine Care Leavers, ovvero ragazzi e ragazze che, dopo aver vissuto sotto tutela istituzionale a causa di situazioni di vulnerabilità, si ritrovano a dover affrontare da soli le sfide della vita adulta, spesso senza un adeguato sistema di supporto. Come affermato nel documento Care Leavers: quadro normativo (2022), il termine fa riferimento a «tutti quei ragazzi/e che, trovandosi in situazioni di particolare vulnerabilità, richiedono protezione e sostegno da parte delle istituzioni e che, una volta divenuti maggiorenni, perdono il diritto di essere protetti e supportati, trovandosi di colpo – e indipendentemente dalla contingenza del momento evolutivo, dal percorso personale e familiare di riparazione in atto e dagli obiettivi educativi e formativi ancora da raggiungere – catapultati nel mondo degli adulti, spesso senza adeguati strumenti che garantiscano loro pari opportunità di integrazione e di realizzazione». Partendo da questa consapevolezza, il lavoro intende esplorare modelli di intervento, buone prassi e dispositivi educativi che possano favorire un percorso di transizione strutturato, sostenibile e realmente centrato sui bisogni del giovane.In un’ottica di sistematizzazione delle conoscenze acquisite e delle esperienze osservate, intendo inoltre realizzare una griglia valutativa che possa rappresentare uno strumento operativo utile per tracciare delle possibili linee guida future. Tale griglia, costruita sulla base di esperienze concrete e riferimenti teorici, potrà costituire un punto di partenza per la progettazione di nuovi interventi e politiche a sostegno dell’autonomia dei Care Leavers. Infine, il lavoro si concluderà con una panoramica delle esperienze già esistenti sul territorio nazionale che si occupano specificamente della transizione all’autonomia dei giovani fuoriusciti dall’assistenza. Verranno analizzati progetti, interventi e iniziative che si sono dimostrati efficaci nel rispondere ai bisogni di questi ragazzi e ragazze, offrendo spunti di riflessione e possibili modelli replicabili in altri contesti. Alla luce di quanto esposto, questa tesi si propone di offrire un contributo teorico e operativo alla riflessione sui percorsi di autonomia dei Care Leavers, nella prospettiva di promuovere pratiche educative maggiormente inclusive, efficaci e sostenibili.
Costruire l'autonomia: il passaggio all'età adulta dei giovani Care Leavers tra modelli teorici e pratiche operative”
MARCANTE, ILENIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This paper aims to construct a theoretical and operational framework that allows us to outline a common thread connecting the different phases of the journey of young people leaving the care system. This exploration will be conducted through a multidisciplinary approach that draws inspiration not only from the pedagogy of care but also from the field of disability. Indeed, it is believed that there is a parallel between the independent living paths of people with disabilities and those of young Care Leavers. In both cases, the success of the transition to independence depends not solely on the individual's residual or acquired abilities, but on the quality of the interaction between the individual and their environment. For this reason, the investigation will take into account the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Using this paradigm allows us to move beyond a vision centered on "lack" to focus on the person's overall "functioning," realizing how environmental factors can act as facilitators or, conversely, as insurmountable barriers on the path to independence. The central focus will be on young adults leaving alternative care (educational communities and foster care) who, despite having reached adulthood, still demonstrate a significant need for educational and social support. These young people are internationally defined as Care Leavers, meaning boys and girls who, after having lived under institutional care due to situations of vulnerability, find themselves having to face the challenges of adult life alone, often without an adequate support system. As stated in the document Care Leavers: Regulatory Framework (2022), the term refers to "all those boys and girls who, finding themselves in situations of particular vulnerability, require protection and support from institutions and who, once they become adults, lose the right to protection and support, finding themselves suddenly—and regardless of the contingency of the developmental moment, the personal and family process of repair underway, and the educational and training goals yet to be achieved—catapulted into the adult world, often without adequate tools to guarantee them equal opportunities for integration and fulfillment." Starting from this understanding, this work aims to explore intervention models, best practices, and educational tools that can foster a structured, sustainable transition process that is truly focused on the young person's needs. By systematizing the knowledge acquired and the experiences observed, I also intend to develop an evaluation framework that can serve as a useful operational tool for drawing possible future guidelines. This framework, built on concrete experiences and theoretical references, can serve as a starting point for designing new interventions and policies to support the autonomy of Care Leavers. Finally, the work will conclude with an overview of existing experiences across the country that specifically address the transition to autonomy of young people leaving care. Projects, interventions, and initiatives that have proven effective in addressing the needs of these young people will be analyzed, offering insights and possible models that can be replicated in other contexts. In light of the above, this thesis aims to offer a theoretical and operational contribution to the reflection on Care Leavers' autonomy journeys, with a view to promoting more inclusive, effective, and sustainable educational practices.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106892