Protein footprinting is a powerful approach for the structural characterization of proteins, enabling the detection of conformational changes and interactions. This work aims to develop and validate a novel footprinting, based on singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generated in situ through laser irradiation in the presence of phthalocyanine as a photosensitizer. Singlet oxygen is a highly reactive species with selectivity towards residues such as Histidine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Methionine and Cysteine, and it is exploited as a chemical probe to introduce localized covalent modifications on solvent-exposed side chains. The oxidative modifications are subsequently identified and localized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was applied to four protein systems of increasing complexity, specifically Angiotensin II, Ubiquitin, FOXO4-DBD, and Myoglobin, widely used as models for testing novel methods in structural biology. Parameters influencing the efficiency of the oxidative process are also discussed, including pH and the presence of ammonium ions, with the aim of optimizing the experimental protocol. This work aims to establish singlet oxygen (¹O₂) as a valid alternative to existing protein footprinting methods, integrating into the same quench-flow system.
Il footprinting proteico rappresenta un approccio potente per la caratterizzazione strutturale delle proteine, consentendo di rilevare cambiamenti conformazionali e interazioni. Questo lavoro ha l’obiettivo di sviluppare e validare un nuovo metodo di footprinting basato sull'ossigeno singoletto (¹O₂) generato in situ tramite irradiazione laser in presenza di ftalocianina come fotosensibilizzatore. L'ossigeno singoletto è una specie altamente reattiva con selettività verso residui quali Istidina, Triptofano, Tirosina, Metionina e Cisteina, e viene sfruttato come sonda chimica per introdurre modifiche covalenti localizzate sulle catene laterali esposte al solvente. Le modifiche ossidative sono successivamente identificate e localizzate mediante spettrometria di massa ad alta risoluzione. Il metodo è stato applicato a quattro sistemi proteici di complessità crescente, nello specifico Angiotensina II, Ubiquitina, FOXO4-DBD e Mioglobina, ampiamente utilizzati come modelli per testare nuovi metodi in biologia strutturale. Vengono inoltre analizzati e discussi i parametri che influenzano l'efficienza del processo ossidativo, tra cui pH e la presenza di ioni ammonio, con l'obiettivo di ottimizzare il protocollo sperimentale. Questo lavoro si propone di affiancare l'ossigeno singoletto (¹O₂) come valida alternativa ai metodi di footprinting proteico già esistenti, integrandosi nello stesso sistema microfluidico.
Reattività delle proteine all'ossigeno singoletto come sonda in indagini strutturali tramite spettrometria di massa
TONIZZO, GIOVANNI
2025/2026
Abstract
Protein footprinting is a powerful approach for the structural characterization of proteins, enabling the detection of conformational changes and interactions. This work aims to develop and validate a novel footprinting, based on singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generated in situ through laser irradiation in the presence of phthalocyanine as a photosensitizer. Singlet oxygen is a highly reactive species with selectivity towards residues such as Histidine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Methionine and Cysteine, and it is exploited as a chemical probe to introduce localized covalent modifications on solvent-exposed side chains. The oxidative modifications are subsequently identified and localized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was applied to four protein systems of increasing complexity, specifically Angiotensin II, Ubiquitin, FOXO4-DBD, and Myoglobin, widely used as models for testing novel methods in structural biology. Parameters influencing the efficiency of the oxidative process are also discussed, including pH and the presence of ammonium ions, with the aim of optimizing the experimental protocol. This work aims to establish singlet oxygen (¹O₂) as a valid alternative to existing protein footprinting methods, integrating into the same quench-flow system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107336