Introduction: Low back pain is a musculoskeletal condition experienced by people of all ages, significantly impacting work life, social relationships, and psychological well-being, especially in industrialized nations. It can be classified based on its temporal phases as acute, subacute, and chronic. Low back pain is classified as specific and nonspecific, and its correct triage plays a crucial role, as it significantly influences the rationale behind exercise selection within the rehabilitation program. Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain accounts for 80% of low back pain cases and is a musculoskeletal condition whose pathoanatomical cause cannot be identified. It is highly prevalent worldwide and causes significant disability and pain. First-line treatment is based on therapeutic exercise, and Pilates exercises are one of the therapeutic options for reducing pain and disability. Objective: To evaluate, through a literature review, the effectiveness of Pilates method exercises compared to conventional exercises in reducing pain and disability in adult patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Materials and methods: After defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a narrative review was conducted through a literature search conducted between May 2025 and January 2026 using the PubMed and PEDro databases. The methodological quality of the articles was analyzed using the PEDro scale for RCTs and the AMSTAR 1 for systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Results: Of the 81 articles initially identified, application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the selection of 7 studies, including 4 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 3 systematic reviews with meta-analyses (M.A). Discussion: Pain, assessed using the NRS, VAS, and McGill questionnaire, improved with Pilates exercises equivalent to conventional exercises, with some medium and long term benefits demonstrated for Pilates. Similarly, disability, measured using the RMDQ, QBPDS, PSFS, and ODI, showed similar improvements between Pilates and conventional programs in the short, medium, and long term, with some low-quality evidence favoring Pilates in the medium and long term. Conclusion: The review found that the use of Pilates exercises as a therapeutic approach in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain represents a valid and promising option for reducing pain and disability. However, the studies analyzed did not strongly demonstrate its superiority over conventional exercises in the medium and long term.
Introduzione: La lombalgia è una patologia muscoloscheletrica sperimentata da persone di tutte le età, che incide in maniera significativa sulla vita lavorativa, relazioni sociali e benessere psicologico, soprattutto nelle nazioni industrializzate. Può essere classificata in base alle fasi temporali in acuta, subacuta, cronica. La lombalgia viene classificata in specifica e aspecifica e il suo corretto inquadramento attraverso il triage riveste un ruolo fondamentale, poiché influenza in modo determinante il razionale alla base della scelta degli esercizi all’interno del percorso riabilitativo. Il Low Back Pain Cronico Aspecifico rappresenta l’80% delle lombalgie ed è una condizione muscoloscheletrica la cui causa patoanatomica non può essere identificata. È caratterizzata da un’alta prevalenza a livello mondiale ed implica un alto livello di disabilità e dolore. Il trattamento di prima linea si basa sull’esercizio terapeutico e gli esercizi secondo il metodo Pilates rappresentano una delle proposte terapeutiche per ridurre dolore e disabilità. Obiettivo: Valutare tramite un’analisi della letteratura l’efficacia degli esercizi proposti dal metodo Pilates rispetto ad esercizi convenzionali per ridurre dolore e disabilità, in pazienti maggiorenni affetti da Low Back Pain Cronico Aspecifico. Materiali e metodi: Dopo aver definito i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione, è stata condotta una revisione narrativa tramite una ricerca bibliografica effettuata tra maggio 2025 e gennaio 2026 attraverso i database PubMed e PEDro. È stata analizzata la qualità metodologica degli articoli tramite la scala PEDro per gli RCT ed AMSTAR 1 per le revisioni sistematiche con metanalisi. Risultati: Degli 81 articoli inizialmente identificati, l’applicazione dei criteri di inclusione ed esclusione ha portato alla selezione di 7 studi, di cui 4 trial controllati randomizzati (RCT) e 3 revisioni sistematiche con metanalisi (M.A). Discussione: Il dolore, valutato con le scale NRS, VAS e il questionario McGill, migliora con gli esercizi secondo il metodo Pilates in maniera equivalente a quella degli esercizi convenzionali, con alcuni vantaggi evidenziati a medio e lungo termine nel Pilates. Analogamente, la disabilità, misurata tramite RMDQ, QBPDS, PSFS, ODI, mostra miglioramenti simili tra Pilates e programmi convenzionali nel breve, medio e lungo termine, con alcune evidenze di bassa qualità a favore del Pilates nel medio e lungo termine. Conclusione: Dalla revisione è emerso che l’utilizzo degli esercizi secondo il metodo Pilates come approccio terapeutico nei pazienti con lombalgia cronica aspecifica rappresenta un’opzione valida e promettente per ridurre dolore e disabilità. Tuttavia, negli studi analizzati non è stata fortemente evidenziata la sua superiorità rispetto agli esercizi convenzionali nel medio e lungo termine.
Efficacia degli esercizi proposti dal metodo Pilates per la diminuzione del dolore e disabilità negli adulti affetti da Low Back Pain Cronico Aspecifico.
HARSTANY, LAITH
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Low back pain is a musculoskeletal condition experienced by people of all ages, significantly impacting work life, social relationships, and psychological well-being, especially in industrialized nations. It can be classified based on its temporal phases as acute, subacute, and chronic. Low back pain is classified as specific and nonspecific, and its correct triage plays a crucial role, as it significantly influences the rationale behind exercise selection within the rehabilitation program. Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain accounts for 80% of low back pain cases and is a musculoskeletal condition whose pathoanatomical cause cannot be identified. It is highly prevalent worldwide and causes significant disability and pain. First-line treatment is based on therapeutic exercise, and Pilates exercises are one of the therapeutic options for reducing pain and disability. Objective: To evaluate, through a literature review, the effectiveness of Pilates method exercises compared to conventional exercises in reducing pain and disability in adult patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Materials and methods: After defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a narrative review was conducted through a literature search conducted between May 2025 and January 2026 using the PubMed and PEDro databases. The methodological quality of the articles was analyzed using the PEDro scale for RCTs and the AMSTAR 1 for systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Results: Of the 81 articles initially identified, application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the selection of 7 studies, including 4 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 3 systematic reviews with meta-analyses (M.A). Discussion: Pain, assessed using the NRS, VAS, and McGill questionnaire, improved with Pilates exercises equivalent to conventional exercises, with some medium and long term benefits demonstrated for Pilates. Similarly, disability, measured using the RMDQ, QBPDS, PSFS, and ODI, showed similar improvements between Pilates and conventional programs in the short, medium, and long term, with some low-quality evidence favoring Pilates in the medium and long term. Conclusion: The review found that the use of Pilates exercises as a therapeutic approach in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain represents a valid and promising option for reducing pain and disability. However, the studies analyzed did not strongly demonstrate its superiority over conventional exercises in the medium and long term.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107411