Background Gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a major global health concern, with over one million new cases diagnosed annually. Current multimodal management combines perioperative chemotherapy with curative-intent surgery. The FLOT regimen (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel) is now the most widely adopted protocol and consists of four preoperative and four postoperative cycles. Histopathological response to neoadjuvant therapy is a critical prognostic factor; moreover, identifying pretreatment clinical predictors of response may lay the groundwork for tailored therapy. Aim of the study To identify a reliable and reproducible parameter for assessing pathological response to FLOT neoadjuvant therapy; to identify pretreatment clinical variables and pathological features associated with a favourable response; and to analyse the correlation between the Mandard Tumor Regression Grade (TRG) and long-term oncological outcomes (Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival). Materials and Mathods This retrospective study included 73 patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (Siewert types II and III) who received neoadjuvant FLOT chemotherapy followed by D2-lymphadenectomy resection. Pathological response was assessed using the Mandard TRG system; patients were dichotomised into good responders (TRG 1–2) and poor responders (TRG 3–4–5). Results The Mandard TRG showed a significant correlation with stage change (cTNM → ypTNM) (χ² = 28.03, p < .001). Among pretreatment variables, Nutritional Risk Score (NRS) and clinical nodal stage (cN) were significantly associated with pathological response (p = .043 and p = .019, respectively) and emerged as independent predictors. No pretreatment histopathological variable was significantly correlated with TRG. Conversely, the main post-treatment indicators of tumour biological aggressiveness (ypT, ypN, ypTNM, histological grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, number of positive lymph nodes) were significantly associated with pathological response. Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly correlated with pathological response (p = .019), whereas overall survival (OS) showed only a trend towards significance (p = .178), likely due to the limited sample size. Conclusion The Mandard TRG is a reliable indicator of pathological response and a valid prognostic factor for survival. Nutritional status and pretreatment nodal involvement influence pathological response. The main post-treatment markers of biological aggressiveness correlate with treatment response; therefore, expanding the systematic characterisation of these parameters on pretreatment biopsies could support the development of a predictive tool for clinical decision-making.
Presupposti dello studio L’adenocarcinoma gastrico e della giunzione gastroesofagea rappresenta un problema di salute globale, con oltre 1 milione di nuovi casi ogni anno. L’approccio attuale multimodale combina chemioterapia perioperatoria e chirurgia resettiva. Ad oggi, il regime FLOT (5-fluorouracile, leucovorina, oxaliplatino, docetaxel) è il più utilizzato e prevede 4 cicli preoperatori e 4 postoperatori. La risposta istologica alla terapia neoadiuvante è un fattore prognostico critico. Inoltre, l’individuazione di fattori clinici pretrattamento predittivi della risposta può costituire la base di una terapia mirata. Scopo dello studio Individuare un parametro affidabile e riproducibile indicatore della risposta anatomopatologica alla terapia neoadiuvante FLOT; identificare variabili cliniche pretrattamento e anatomopatologiche associate ad una migliore risposta patologica; analizzare la correlazione tra TRG secondo Mandard e outcome oncologici a lungo termine (Overall Survival e Disease-Free Survival). Materiali e Metodi Studio retrospettivo su una coorte di 73 pazienti con adenocarcinoma gastrico e della giunzione gastroesofagea (tipi 2 e 3 secondo Siewert), sottoposti a chemioterapia neoadiuvante FLOT e successiva chirurgia resettiva D2. La risposta patologica alla terapia è stata valutata utilizzando il sistema TRG secondo Mandard, distinguendo la coorte in due gruppi: TRG 1-2 (buona risposta) e TRG 3-4-5 (risposta insufficiente). Risultati Il TRG secondo Mandard è risultato significativamente correlato alla variazione di stadio (cTNM ypTNM) (χ²=28.03, p< .001). Tra le variabili precliniche, il Nutritional Risk Score (NRS) e lo stadio linfonodale clinico (cN) hanno mostrato una correlazione significativa con la risposta patologica (rispettivamente, p= .043 e p= .019) e sono risultati fattori predittivi indipendenti della risposta. Nessuna delle variabili anatomopatologiche pretrattamento ha mostrato una correlazione significativa con il TRG. Al contrario, i principali indicatori di aggressività biologica tumorale sul pezzo operatorio (ypT, ypN, ypTNM, grading istologico, invasione linfovascolare e perineurale, numero di linfonodi metastatici) sono risultati associati alla risposta patologica alla terapia neoadiuvante. La sopravvivenza libera da malattia (DFS) è risultata correlata alla risposta patologica p= .019), mentre la correlazione con la sopravvivenza globale (OS) ha mostrato solo una tendenza alla significatività statistica (p= .178), verosimilmente per la limitata numerosità del campione. Conclusioni Il TRG secondo Mandard è un indicatore affidabile della risposta patologica e un valido fattore prognostico di sopravvivenza. Lo stato nutrizionale e il coinvolgimento linfonodale pretrattamento influenzano la risposta patologica. I principali indicatori di aggressività biologica post-trattamento correlano con la risposta alla terapia; pertanto, l’ampliamento della caratterizzazione sistemica di tali parametri sulla biopsia pretrattamento potrebbe consentire la costruzione di un tool predittivo come supporto decisionale.
Chemioterapia perioperatoria nel tumore gastrico e della giunzione gastroesofagea: fattori predittivi e prognostici della risposta patologica
PELLETTIERI, ROSSELLA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background Gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a major global health concern, with over one million new cases diagnosed annually. Current multimodal management combines perioperative chemotherapy with curative-intent surgery. The FLOT regimen (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel) is now the most widely adopted protocol and consists of four preoperative and four postoperative cycles. Histopathological response to neoadjuvant therapy is a critical prognostic factor; moreover, identifying pretreatment clinical predictors of response may lay the groundwork for tailored therapy. Aim of the study To identify a reliable and reproducible parameter for assessing pathological response to FLOT neoadjuvant therapy; to identify pretreatment clinical variables and pathological features associated with a favourable response; and to analyse the correlation between the Mandard Tumor Regression Grade (TRG) and long-term oncological outcomes (Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival). Materials and Mathods This retrospective study included 73 patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (Siewert types II and III) who received neoadjuvant FLOT chemotherapy followed by D2-lymphadenectomy resection. Pathological response was assessed using the Mandard TRG system; patients were dichotomised into good responders (TRG 1–2) and poor responders (TRG 3–4–5). Results The Mandard TRG showed a significant correlation with stage change (cTNM → ypTNM) (χ² = 28.03, p < .001). Among pretreatment variables, Nutritional Risk Score (NRS) and clinical nodal stage (cN) were significantly associated with pathological response (p = .043 and p = .019, respectively) and emerged as independent predictors. No pretreatment histopathological variable was significantly correlated with TRG. Conversely, the main post-treatment indicators of tumour biological aggressiveness (ypT, ypN, ypTNM, histological grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, number of positive lymph nodes) were significantly associated with pathological response. Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly correlated with pathological response (p = .019), whereas overall survival (OS) showed only a trend towards significance (p = .178), likely due to the limited sample size. Conclusion The Mandard TRG is a reliable indicator of pathological response and a valid prognostic factor for survival. Nutritional status and pretreatment nodal involvement influence pathological response. The main post-treatment markers of biological aggressiveness correlate with treatment response; therefore, expanding the systematic characterisation of these parameters on pretreatment biopsies could support the development of a predictive tool for clinical decision-making.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109134