This paper aims to explore the role of affective touch in socio-relational development, analyzing its neurobiological foundations and clinical implications in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The first chapter describes the somatosensory system in its two main components: the discriminative system, mediated by Aβ fibers, and the affective system, mediated by C-Tactile (CT) afferents, which are preferentially activated in response to slow, pleasant stimuli, selecting tactile information with a higher likelihood of conveying socio-affiliative meaning. The cerebral structures involved in the processing of affective touch and the main underlying neurochemical mechanisms are also outlined. The second chapter delves into the role of affective touch in psychological development, exploring the transition from caregiver-infant co-regulation to self-regulation, and analyzing the homeostatic and allostatic mechanisms through which physical contact contributes to the maturation of affective, cognitive, and social systems. Affective touch thus emerges as the embodied foundation of subjective identity, through which the child progressively constructs the distinction between self and other. The third chapter examines alterations in tactile processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder, illustrating how differences in the response to affective touch fit within a broader and more complex pattern of atypical functioning of social circuits. In particular, neuroimaging evidence regarding reduced activation of the superior temporal sulcus and orbitofrontal cortex in response to CT-optimal touch is discussed, along with the role of oxytocin as a potential therapeutic target. Finally, the implications of these alterations for the sense of bodily self in individuals with ASD are addressed; indeed, differences in interoceptive processing and multisensory integration appear to contribute to an atypical body representation, with a reduced capacity to recognize one's own internal states.
Il presente elaborato si propone di esplorare il ruolo del tocco affettivo nello sviluppo socio-relazionale, analizzandone le basi neurobiologiche e le implicazioni cliniche nel Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico (ASD). Il primo capitolo descrive il sistema somatosensoriale nelle sue due componenti principali: il sistema discriminativo, mediato dalle fibre Aβ, e il sistema affettivo, mediato dalle afferenze C-Tattili (CT), che si attivano preferenzialmente in risposta a stimoli lenti e piacevoli, selezionando le informazioni tattili con una maggior probabilità di veicolare un significato socio-affiliativo. Vengono inoltre illustrate le strutture cerebrali coinvolte nell'elaborazione del tocco affettivo e i principali meccanismi neurotrasmettitoriali sottostanti. Nel secondo capitolo viene approfondito il ruolo del tocco affettivo nello sviluppo psicologico, esplorando il passaggio dalla co-regolazione caregiver-bambino all'autoregolazione, analizzando i meccanismi omeostatici e allostatici attraverso cui il contatto fisico contribuisce alla maturazione dei sistemi affettivi, cognitivi e sociali. Il tocco affettivo emerge così come fondamento incarnato dell'identità soggettiva, attraverso cui il bambino costruisce progressivamente la distinzione tra sé e altro. Nel terzo capitolo vengono prese in esame le alterazioni dell'elaborazione tattile nel Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico, illustrando come le differenze nella risposta al tocco affettivo si inseriscano in un pattern più ampio e complesso di funzionamento atipico dei circuiti sociali. In particolare, discusse le evidenze di neuroimmagine relative alla ridotta attivazione del solco temporale superiore e della corteccia orbitofrontale in risposta al tocco CT-ottimale, insieme al ruolo dell'ossitocina come potenziale bersaglio terapeutico. Si affrontano infine le implicazioni di queste alterazioni sul senso del sé corporeo nelle persone con ASD, infatti, le differenze nell’elaborazione interocettiva e nell’integrazione multisensoriale sembrano contribuire a una rappresentazione corporea atipica, con ridotta capacità di riconoscere i propri stati interni.
Il tocco affettivo: basi neurobiologiche, funzioni socio-emotive e implicazioni nel Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico.
VAROTTO, EMMA
2025/2026
Abstract
This paper aims to explore the role of affective touch in socio-relational development, analyzing its neurobiological foundations and clinical implications in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The first chapter describes the somatosensory system in its two main components: the discriminative system, mediated by Aβ fibers, and the affective system, mediated by C-Tactile (CT) afferents, which are preferentially activated in response to slow, pleasant stimuli, selecting tactile information with a higher likelihood of conveying socio-affiliative meaning. The cerebral structures involved in the processing of affective touch and the main underlying neurochemical mechanisms are also outlined. The second chapter delves into the role of affective touch in psychological development, exploring the transition from caregiver-infant co-regulation to self-regulation, and analyzing the homeostatic and allostatic mechanisms through which physical contact contributes to the maturation of affective, cognitive, and social systems. Affective touch thus emerges as the embodied foundation of subjective identity, through which the child progressively constructs the distinction between self and other. The third chapter examines alterations in tactile processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder, illustrating how differences in the response to affective touch fit within a broader and more complex pattern of atypical functioning of social circuits. In particular, neuroimaging evidence regarding reduced activation of the superior temporal sulcus and orbitofrontal cortex in response to CT-optimal touch is discussed, along with the role of oxytocin as a potential therapeutic target. Finally, the implications of these alterations for the sense of bodily self in individuals with ASD are addressed; indeed, differences in interoceptive processing and multisensory integration appear to contribute to an atypical body representation, with a reduced capacity to recognize one's own internal states.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109576