The present study aims to provide an independent replication of the study by Takao et al. (2018) within an Italian sample, investigating the extent to which culture-dependent cognitive strategies influence the gaze cueing effect at a prolonged SOA. Concurrently, it aims to extend this paradigm by employing symbolic cues (arrows) in addition to social ones (faces). We replicated the gaze cueing paradigm described by Takao et al. (2018). Within each trial, participants were presented with either a schematic face with an averted gaze or a circle containing arrows. Following a SOA of either 117 ms or 700 ms, a peripheral target appeared in a position that was either congruent or incongruent with the one indicated by the cue. Reaction times were recorded as participants were required to press a key corresponding to the target's location as fast and accurately as possible. Participants were informed that the cues were non-predictive. The direct comparison between faces and arrows revealed no significant quantitative differences: in both conditions, the facilitation effect emerged early and, despite participants' awareness of the cue's non-predictivity, remained significant at prolonged latencies (700 ms SOA), albeit with a reduced magnitude. This reduction in the magnitude of the cueing effect at 700 ms aligns with the leading models in Western literature but diverges from the findings observed by Takao et al. (2018). The substantial overlap between the temporal and behavioral dynamics of attentional orienting mediated by faces and arrows supports the hypothesis of a domain-general attentional orienting mechanism. The attentional pattern observed here will serve as a baseline for comparison with future data currently being collected in Japan.
Il presente studio si propone di offrire una replica indipendente dello studio di Takao et al. (2018) in un campione italiano, per indagare in che misura le strategie cognitive cultura-dipendenti influenzano il gaze cueing effect a SOA prolungato, e, al contempo, si pone l'obiettivo di estendere tale paradigma attraverso l’impiego di cue simbolici (frecce) oltre che sociali (volto). Si è replicato il paradigma di gaze cueing descritto da Takao et al. (2018). All’interno di ogni trial si presentava o un volto schematizzato con sguardo deviato o un cerchio con al suo interno delle frecce. Dopo un SOA di 117 ms o 700 ms compariva un target periferico in posizione congruente o incongruente con quella indicata dal cue. Si registravano i TR dei partecipanti, i quali, alla vista del target, dovevano premere un tasto in base alla posizione in cui appariva. I partecipanti erano informati della non predittività del cue. Il confronto diretto tra volti e frecce non ha restituito differenze quantitative significative: in entrambi i casi l'effetto di facilitazione è emerso precocemente e, nonostante i partecipanti fossero consapevoli della non predittività del cue, si è mantenuto significativo, seppur con magnitudine minore, anche a latenze prolungate (SOA di 700 ms). La riduzione in ampiezza dell’effetto di cueing a 700 ms, in linea con i principali modelli della letteratura occidentale, si discosta dai risultati osservati da Takao et al. (2018). La larga sovrapponibilità tra le dinamiche temporali e comportamentali dell’orientamento attentivo mediato da volti e frecce supporta l'ipotesi di un meccanismo di orientamento dell’attenzione dominio-generale. Il pattern attentivo qui riscontrato fungerà da termine di paragone per i futuri dati in fase di raccolta in Giappone.
Attenzione spaziale e gaze cueing effect: Uno studio sull’orientamento attentivo mediato da sguardo e frecce.
QUARANTA, FLAVIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The present study aims to provide an independent replication of the study by Takao et al. (2018) within an Italian sample, investigating the extent to which culture-dependent cognitive strategies influence the gaze cueing effect at a prolonged SOA. Concurrently, it aims to extend this paradigm by employing symbolic cues (arrows) in addition to social ones (faces). We replicated the gaze cueing paradigm described by Takao et al. (2018). Within each trial, participants were presented with either a schematic face with an averted gaze or a circle containing arrows. Following a SOA of either 117 ms or 700 ms, a peripheral target appeared in a position that was either congruent or incongruent with the one indicated by the cue. Reaction times were recorded as participants were required to press a key corresponding to the target's location as fast and accurately as possible. Participants were informed that the cues were non-predictive. The direct comparison between faces and arrows revealed no significant quantitative differences: in both conditions, the facilitation effect emerged early and, despite participants' awareness of the cue's non-predictivity, remained significant at prolonged latencies (700 ms SOA), albeit with a reduced magnitude. This reduction in the magnitude of the cueing effect at 700 ms aligns with the leading models in Western literature but diverges from the findings observed by Takao et al. (2018). The substantial overlap between the temporal and behavioral dynamics of attentional orienting mediated by faces and arrows supports the hypothesis of a domain-general attentional orienting mechanism. The attentional pattern observed here will serve as a baseline for comparison with future data currently being collected in Japan.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109597