Unilateral spatial neglect is one of the most frequent and disabling neuropsychological disorders following stroke, particularly after right hemisphere lesions. The syndrome is characterized by a reduced ability to orient attention toward the contralesional side of space in the absence of primary sensory deficits, significantly compromising patients’ autonomy in activities of daily living. This thesis examines post-stroke neglect through an integrated perspective combining the neurobiological basis of the disorder with the framework of Frames of Reference. After outlining the mechanisms of visuospatial attention and the main attentional networks involved, the thesis explores the different spatial domains (personal, peripersonal, and extrapersonal space) and the distinction between egocentric and allocentric coordinates. Particular attention is devoted to network-based models of neglect, the role of white matter connections, and processes of multisensory and sensorimotor integration. The thesis also reviews the principal clinical assessment tools and non-pharmacological rehabilitation approaches, with specific focus on visual scanning training and prism adaptation, critically discussing their effectiveness in light of the most recent scientific evidence. The dissertation argues that neglect cannot be interpreted as a unitary syndrome, but rather as a heterogeneous set of deficits involving different systems of spatial representation and attentional networks. From this perspective, the distinction between Frames of Reference plays a central role both in the theoretical understanding of the disorder and in the development of more personalized diagnostic and rehabilitative strategies.
Il neglect spaziale unilaterale rappresenta uno dei disturbi neuropsicologici più frequenti e invalidanti conseguenti a ictus cerebrale, soprattutto in seguito a lesioni dell’emisfero destro. La sindrome si manifesta come una ridotta capacità di orientare l’attenzione verso lo spazio controlaterale alla lesione, in assenza di deficit sensoriali primari, compromettendo significativamente l’autonomia del paziente nelle attività della vita quotidiana. La presente tesi analizza il neglect post-ictus attraverso una prospettiva integrata che combina le basi neurobiologiche del disturbo con il modello dei Frames of Reference. Dopo una trattazione dei meccanismi dell’attenzione visuo-spaziale e delle principali reti attentive coinvolte, vengono approfonditi i diversi domini spaziali (personale, peri-personale ed extra-personale) e la distinzione tra coordinate egocentriche e allocentriche. Particolare attenzione è dedicata ai modelli network-based del neglect, al ruolo delle connessioni di sostanza bianca e ai processi di integrazione multisensoriale e sensorimotoria. La tesi esamina inoltre i principali strumenti di valutazione clinica e gli approcci riabilitativi non farmacologici, con specifico riferimento al visual scanning training e alla prism adaptation, discutendone criticamente l’efficacia alla luce delle più recenti evidenze scientifiche. L’elaborato sostiene che il neglect non possa essere interpretato come una sindrome unitaria, ma come un insieme eterogeneo di deficit che coinvolgono differenti sistemi di rappresentazione spaziale e reti attentive. In tale prospettiva, la distinzione tra Frames of Reference assume un ruolo centrale sia nella comprensione teorica del disturbo sia nello sviluppo di strategie diagnostiche e riabilitative maggiormente personalizzate.
Neglect Spaziale Post-ictus: Basi neurobiologiche, Frames of Reference e Implicazioni per la Valutazione e la Riabilitazione
RIGHELE, ARIANNA
2025/2026
Abstract
Unilateral spatial neglect is one of the most frequent and disabling neuropsychological disorders following stroke, particularly after right hemisphere lesions. The syndrome is characterized by a reduced ability to orient attention toward the contralesional side of space in the absence of primary sensory deficits, significantly compromising patients’ autonomy in activities of daily living. This thesis examines post-stroke neglect through an integrated perspective combining the neurobiological basis of the disorder with the framework of Frames of Reference. After outlining the mechanisms of visuospatial attention and the main attentional networks involved, the thesis explores the different spatial domains (personal, peripersonal, and extrapersonal space) and the distinction between egocentric and allocentric coordinates. Particular attention is devoted to network-based models of neglect, the role of white matter connections, and processes of multisensory and sensorimotor integration. The thesis also reviews the principal clinical assessment tools and non-pharmacological rehabilitation approaches, with specific focus on visual scanning training and prism adaptation, critically discussing their effectiveness in light of the most recent scientific evidence. The dissertation argues that neglect cannot be interpreted as a unitary syndrome, but rather as a heterogeneous set of deficits involving different systems of spatial representation and attentional networks. From this perspective, the distinction between Frames of Reference plays a central role both in the theoretical understanding of the disorder and in the development of more personalized diagnostic and rehabilitative strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109600