Neutrinos, neutral and nearly massless particles, have long been considered the "ghosts" of the universe due to their elusive nature. First proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 as a solution to the beta decay puzzle, they subsequently underwent a long experimental journey that proved their existence and defined their properties. This thesis traces the historical path of neutrino research, from the first theoretical hypotheses, through major experimental milestones such as flavor oscillations, which clarified the characteristics of these particles. By analyzing scientific publications and archives of key experiments, the thesis explores the technological and conceptual challenges that have made neutrinos a frontier field in particle physics and astrophysics. The results show how this particle has not only enriched our understanding of the Standard Model but also opened new questions that remain of great interest to the scientific community.
I neutrini, particelle neutre e quasi prive di massa sono stati a lungo considerati "fantasmi" dell'universo a causa della loro elusività. Proposti per la prima volta da Wolfgang Pauli nel 1930 come soluzione al problema del decadimento beta, sono poi andati incontro a un lungo iter sperimentale che ne ha provato l'esistenza e definito le proprietà. La presente tesi traccia il percorso storico dello studio dei neutrini, dalle prime ipotesi teoriche, passando per i principali traguardi sperimentali come le oscillazioni di sapore che hanno fatto chiarezza sulle caratteristiche di queste particelle. Attraverso l'analisi di pubblicazioni scientifiche e archivi di esperimenti chiave si esplorano le sfide tecnologiche e concettuali che hanno fatto dei neutrini un campo di frontiera della fisica delle particelle e l'astrofisica. I risultati mostrano come questa particella abbia non solo arricchito la nostra conoscenza del modello standard, ma anche aperto nuovi interrogativi che sono tuttora oggetto di grande interessa da parte della comunità scientifica.
Note sulla storia dei neutrini
CAZZADORE, FILIPPO
2025/2026
Abstract
Neutrinos, neutral and nearly massless particles, have long been considered the "ghosts" of the universe due to their elusive nature. First proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 as a solution to the beta decay puzzle, they subsequently underwent a long experimental journey that proved their existence and defined their properties. This thesis traces the historical path of neutrino research, from the first theoretical hypotheses, through major experimental milestones such as flavor oscillations, which clarified the characteristics of these particles. By analyzing scientific publications and archives of key experiments, the thesis explores the technological and conceptual challenges that have made neutrinos a frontier field in particle physics and astrophysics. The results show how this particle has not only enriched our understanding of the Standard Model but also opened new questions that remain of great interest to the scientific community.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110277