Mountain permanent meadows are semi-natural surfaces rich in plant and animal biodiversity that play an important role in ecology, ecosystems, and landscape. They perform multiple functions, first producing fodder for animals but also limiting soil erosion, improving soil fertility, shaping the landscape thanks to their floristic and chromatic variety, and safeguarding and preserving the traditions and customs of mountain and Alpine communities. To achieve these functions, it is essential that meadows are managed appropriately, favoring extensive methods that preserve and enhance biodiversity. However, the difficult conditions in mountains areas, such as steep terrain, climate, and the distance from infrastructure, have led to their gradual abandonment or degradation over the last decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality and floristic composition of the forage, focusing on the presence of invasive species such as Apiaceae. Analyses were carried out in 12 mountain meadows located in Santo Stefano di Cadore (Belluno) and Padola (Comelico Superiore – Belluno). Botanical surveys were performed according to Braun-Blanquet modify method in each meadow. Furthermore, data were collected using Li cor 2200 to estimate the Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Polispec NIR which is based on the Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the fat, protein, and carbohydrate fractions contained in the fresh forage. The data collected during the surveys were analyzed using R studio software. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and correlation between measured parameters were performed to investigate the influence of Apiaceae species in the floristic composition and forage quality of the mountain meadows. The first results were in line with scientific literature and showed that there was a correlation between botanical composition and forage quality. The study points out that the increased presence of Apiaceae within the analyzed mountain meadows leads to negligible variations in forage quality.
I prati permanenti montani sono superfici semi-naturali ricche di biodiversità vegetale e animale che rivestono un ruolo importante sia in ambito ecologico, che ecosistemico e paesaggistico: essi, infatti, svolgono molteplici funzioni, innanzitutto producono foraggio per gli animali, ma anche limitano l’erosione del suolo, ne migliorano la fertilità, arricchiscono il paesaggio grazie alla loro varietà floristica e cromatica, salvaguardano e custodiscono le tradizioni e le consuetudini delle comunità montane e alpine. Per raggiungere questi obiettivi, è fondamentale che la loro gestione sia svolta in maniera appropriata privilegiando i metodi estensivi che consentono di preservare e valorizzare la biodiversità. Tuttavia, negli ultimi decenni, le difficili condizioni delle aree montane, come la pendenza del terreno, il clima e la distanza dalle infrastrutture, hanno portato al loro graduale abbandono o degrado. L'obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di indagare la relazione tra qualità e composizione floristica del foraggio, ponendo l’attenzione sulla presenza di specie invasive come le Apiaceae. Un'analisi floristica è stata condotta in 12 prati montani situati a Santo Stefano di Cadore (Belluno) e Padola (Comelico Superiore – Belluno). Rilievi botanici sono stati eseguiti secondo il metodo Braun-Blanquet modificato su ogni prato. Sono stati inoltre raccolti dati utilizzando due diversi strumenti: Li Cor 2200 per stimare l'indice di area fogliare (LAI) e Polispec NIR, basato sulla spettroscopia di riflettanza nel vicino infrarosso (NIRS), per stimare le frazioni di grassi, proteine, fibre e carboidrati contenute nel foraggio fresco. I dati raccolti durante i rilievi sono stati analizzati utilizzando il software R-Studio. Sono state eseguite analisi di cluster, analisi delle componenti principali e correlazione tra i parametri misurati per studiare l'influenza delle specie di Apiaceae sulla composizione floristica e sulla qualità del foraggio dei prati di montagna. I primi risultati sono stati in linea con la letteratura scientifica e hanno mostrato una relazione tra composizione floristica e qualità del foraggio. Lo studio evidenzia che l’aumento della presenza di Apiaceae nei prati di montagna analizzati porta a variazioni trascurabili della qualità dei foraggi.
Relazione tra composizione floristica e qualità dei foraggi in prati di montagna: l’influenza dell’aumento delle Apiaceae
GUERRA, GIOVANNI
2025/2026
Abstract
Mountain permanent meadows are semi-natural surfaces rich in plant and animal biodiversity that play an important role in ecology, ecosystems, and landscape. They perform multiple functions, first producing fodder for animals but also limiting soil erosion, improving soil fertility, shaping the landscape thanks to their floristic and chromatic variety, and safeguarding and preserving the traditions and customs of mountain and Alpine communities. To achieve these functions, it is essential that meadows are managed appropriately, favoring extensive methods that preserve and enhance biodiversity. However, the difficult conditions in mountains areas, such as steep terrain, climate, and the distance from infrastructure, have led to their gradual abandonment or degradation over the last decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality and floristic composition of the forage, focusing on the presence of invasive species such as Apiaceae. Analyses were carried out in 12 mountain meadows located in Santo Stefano di Cadore (Belluno) and Padola (Comelico Superiore – Belluno). Botanical surveys were performed according to Braun-Blanquet modify method in each meadow. Furthermore, data were collected using Li cor 2200 to estimate the Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Polispec NIR which is based on the Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the fat, protein, and carbohydrate fractions contained in the fresh forage. The data collected during the surveys were analyzed using R studio software. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and correlation between measured parameters were performed to investigate the influence of Apiaceae species in the floristic composition and forage quality of the mountain meadows. The first results were in line with scientific literature and showed that there was a correlation between botanical composition and forage quality. The study points out that the increased presence of Apiaceae within the analyzed mountain meadows leads to negligible variations in forage quality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110354