Zoological gardens are important structures for wildlife conservation. Possessing knowledge about how to allow animals housed in zoos to experience positive welfare is essential for species preservations, and it is a legal requirement as well. The aim of this thesis is to map the existing knowledge about animal welfare specifically considering two taxa, felids and canids, to understand what has been already discovered and where there are gaps to fill. This dissertation is conducted as two separated scoping reviews, one for each taxon, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Research was conducted in three databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web Of Science, including articles published since 2000, and results were filtered both with the use of a software (Rayyan) and manually. 40 articles were retrieved for canids, 103 for felids. The results show significant difference of interest between the two taxa, with a higher number of articles regarding felids, that have a more regular production across the years, with increasing output. Journals interested in this kind of publication are mainly zoology and animal welfare journals. Similar patterns are observed in both carnivores groups, with the majority of research focused on three or four elected species[SM1.1]. Species interested by the study depend largely on the density of animals and their closeness to institutions. The most explored outcomes to investigate welfare are behaviour, time budget, faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and stereotypies, while the variables most tested are enrichments, captivity, housing, animal biology, husbandry and in felids in particular external stressors, modified feeding regime. According to Mellor’s Five Domains, the most studied domain is behaviour, followed by environment and mental. The results of this review underline that canids have received less interest in research, reason why a positive welfare for them is harder to reach. It also highlights some scientifically solid methods to assess the status of the animal considered and individuates the species and the topics about which the knowledge is not solid enough.
I giardini zoologici sono importanti strutture per la conservazione della fauna selvatica. Possedere conoscenze su come permettere agli animali ospitati negli zoo di sperimentare un benessere positivo è essenziale per la preservazione delle specie, oltre ad essere un requisito legale. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è mappare la conoscenza esistente sul benessere animale considerando nello specifico due taxa, felidi e canidi, per comprendere ciò che è già stato scoperto e dove ci sono delle lacune da colmare. Questa dissertazione è condotta come due scoping review separate, una per ogni taxon, seguendo le linee guida PRISMA-ScR. La ricerca è stata effettuata su tre database, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, includendo articoli pubblicati dal 2000; i risultati sono stati filtrati sia tramite software (Rayyan) sia manualmente. Sono stati recuperati 40 articoli per i canidi e 103 per i felidi. I risultati evidenziano una significativa differenza di interesse tra i due taxa, con un numero maggiore di articoli riguardanti i felidi, che presentano una produzione più regolare negli anni, con un output crescente. Le riviste interessate a questo tipo di pubblicazioni sono principalmente riviste di zoologia e benessere animale. Pattern simili sono osservati in entrambi i gruppi di carnivori, con la maggior parte della ricerca concentrata su tre o quattro specie elette. Le specie oggetto di studio dipendono in larga misura dalla densità degli animali e dalla loro vicinanza alle istituzioni. Gli indicatori di benessere più esplorati per indagare il benessere degli animali sono comportamento, time budget, metaboliti fecali dei glucocorticoidi e stereotipie, mentre le variabili più testate sono arricchimenti, cattività, condizioni di alloggiamento, biologia dell’animale, pratiche di gestione e per i felidi stressori esterni e regimi alimentari modificati. Secondo i Cinque Domini di Mellor, il dominio più studiato è il comportamento, seguito da ambiente e stato mentale. I risultati di questa review evidenziano che i canidi hanno ricevuto minore attenzione nella ricerca, motivo per cui conseguire condizioni di benessere positivo nel loro caso risulta più complesso. La review inoltre evidenzia diversi metodi scientificamente solidi per valutare lo stato degli animali considerati e individua le specie e gli argomenti per i quali le conoscenze disponibili non sono ancora sufficientemente consolidate.
Valutazione del benessere di felidi e canidi ospitati negli zoo: una revisione esplorativa.
MUSESTI, MARTINA
2025/2026
Abstract
Zoological gardens are important structures for wildlife conservation. Possessing knowledge about how to allow animals housed in zoos to experience positive welfare is essential for species preservations, and it is a legal requirement as well. The aim of this thesis is to map the existing knowledge about animal welfare specifically considering two taxa, felids and canids, to understand what has been already discovered and where there are gaps to fill. This dissertation is conducted as two separated scoping reviews, one for each taxon, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Research was conducted in three databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web Of Science, including articles published since 2000, and results were filtered both with the use of a software (Rayyan) and manually. 40 articles were retrieved for canids, 103 for felids. The results show significant difference of interest between the two taxa, with a higher number of articles regarding felids, that have a more regular production across the years, with increasing output. Journals interested in this kind of publication are mainly zoology and animal welfare journals. Similar patterns are observed in both carnivores groups, with the majority of research focused on three or four elected species[SM1.1]. Species interested by the study depend largely on the density of animals and their closeness to institutions. The most explored outcomes to investigate welfare are behaviour, time budget, faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and stereotypies, while the variables most tested are enrichments, captivity, housing, animal biology, husbandry and in felids in particular external stressors, modified feeding regime. According to Mellor’s Five Domains, the most studied domain is behaviour, followed by environment and mental. The results of this review underline that canids have received less interest in research, reason why a positive welfare for them is harder to reach. It also highlights some scientifically solid methods to assess the status of the animal considered and individuates the species and the topics about which the knowledge is not solid enough.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110411