Current mirror circuits are fundamental building blocks in analog integrated circuits, where they are used as active loads and biasing elements for amplifier stages. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the high frequency behavior of circuits of this kind, implemented with bipolar junction transistors (BJT), in order to evaluate and compare different circuit topologies ranging from the basic current mirror to more complex configurations, such as cascode and Wilson mirrors, in terms of frequency response, bandwidth, output impedance, and static gain accuracy. The study combines analytically obtained results, derived from the small signal model including parasitic elements, with validation through SPICE simulations. Finally, the impact of non-idealities, including finite BJT current gain, the Early effect, and component mismatch, is highlighted, thus providing an overview of the advantages and limitations of each solution.
I circuiti a specchio di corrente rappresentano elementi fondamentali nei circuiti integrati ana- logici, dove sono impiegati come carichi attivi ed elementi di polarizzazione per stadi di amplificazione. L’obiettivo della presente tesi è analizzare il comportamento di questa categoria di circuiti, realizzati con transistor bipolari a giunzione (BJT), al fine di valutare e confrontare diverse topologie circuitali, dallo specchio di corrente elementare a configurazioni più complesse, come cascode e Wilson, in termini di risposta in frequenza, banda passante, impedenza di uscita e accuratezza del guadagno statico. Lo studio combina risultati ottenuti analiticamente, partendo dal modello ai piccoli segna- li completo di elementi parassiti, a verifiche effettuate mediante simulazione SPICE. Infine, viene evidenziato l’impatto delle non idealità, tra cui guadagno di corrente di valore finito del BJT, effetto Early e mismatch tra i componenti, sia nel funzionamento statico che in frequenza, fornendo così un quadro ampio di vantaggi e limiti di ciascuna soluzione
Circuiti a specchio di corrente a BJT: analisi in frequenza
RUZZON, NICOLA
2025/2026
Abstract
Current mirror circuits are fundamental building blocks in analog integrated circuits, where they are used as active loads and biasing elements for amplifier stages. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the high frequency behavior of circuits of this kind, implemented with bipolar junction transistors (BJT), in order to evaluate and compare different circuit topologies ranging from the basic current mirror to more complex configurations, such as cascode and Wilson mirrors, in terms of frequency response, bandwidth, output impedance, and static gain accuracy. The study combines analytically obtained results, derived from the small signal model including parasitic elements, with validation through SPICE simulations. Finally, the impact of non-idealities, including finite BJT current gain, the Early effect, and component mismatch, is highlighted, thus providing an overview of the advantages and limitations of each solution.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111509