In the early months of 2013, Uber was launched in Italy, and less than two years later, on May 25, 2015, the Milan Court declared it “unfair competition”. The ruling of March 1, 2017 subsequently confirmed its illegitimacy under Article 2598 of the Civil Code, banning it definitively and allowing only ‘Uber Black’ to operate: a premium service provided by professional NCC drivers. Uber, a start up founded in California in 2009, offers a transportation service by acting as an intermediary between drivers and passengers. Drivers are private individuals who use their own vehicles to transport passengers along routes predetermined through the application. Uber connects supply and demand by combining drivers’ vehicles with passengers’ mobile technologies, such as GPS. Today, Uber operates in more than 15,000 cities worldwide, alongside many other ride-sharing applications. What led Italy to the 2017 ruling? The first chapter of this paper will analyze what the sharing economy is, with a particular focus on Uber, examining its expansion worldwide and how different countries have regulated it. The second chapter will address the Italian case, from Uber’s entry into an already troubled context, namely the non-scheduled transport sector, to the protests and growing pressure from taxi drivers, and the subsequent rulings that ultimately declared it unlawful, bringing the analysis up to the present situation. The final chapter will focus on interpreting the events surrounding the case through the lens of Kingdon’s multiple streams framework, situating Uber within the broader context of Italian taxi lobbying. The analysis will ultimately show how conflicts of interest can emerge from innovative contexts, potentially leading to situations of policy failure.
Nei primi mesi del 2013, Uber viene lanciato in Italia e meno di due anni dopo, il 25 maggio 2015, il Tribunale di Milano lo dichiara “concorrenza sleale”. Sarà poi la sentenza del 1° marzo 2017 a confermarne l’illegittimità, ex art. 2598 cod. civ., bandendolo definitivamente e consentendo l’attività solo a ‘Black Uber’: servizio premium svolto da autisti professionisti di NCC. Uber, start up fondata nel 2009 in California, offre un servizio di trasporto, ponendosi come intermediario tra conducenti e passeggeri. Gli autisti sono soggetti privati che sfruttano le proprie autovetture per trasportare singoli individui in un percorso già scelto, prestabilito attraverso l’applicazione. Mette in comunicazione la domanda con l’offerta, sfruttando i veicoli dei conducenti e le tecnologie dei cellulari dei passeggeri, ad esempio il gps. Ad oggi Uber è attivo in oltre 15.000 città nel mondo, così come tante altre applicazioni di ride-sharing. Cos’ha portato l’Italia alla sentenza del 2017? Nel primo capitolo di questo elaborato si analizzerà cos’è la sharing economy, in particolare Uber, studiando il suo insediamento nel mondo e come i diversi Paesi si sono regolamentati a riguardo. Il secondo capitolo tratterà il caso italiano, dall’entrata di Uber in un contesto già in crisi, ovvero la questione del trasporto non di linea. Si vedranno inoltre le proteste e le progressive pressioni da parte dei taxisti e di conseguenza le sentenze che l’hanno poi reso illegittimo, arrivando fino alla situazione attuale. L’ultimo capitolo si concentrerà sull’interpretazione delle vicende del caso, rileggendolo attraverso i flussi di Kingdon, inserendo Uber nel contesto delle lobby dei taxisti italiani, per mostrare infine come i conflitti di interesse possano emergere da contesti innovativi, portando a situazioni di policy failure.
Uber in Italia: un caso di policy failure? Sharing economy, regolazione e lobby nell'analisi delle politiche pubbliche
MAGAGNA, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
In the early months of 2013, Uber was launched in Italy, and less than two years later, on May 25, 2015, the Milan Court declared it “unfair competition”. The ruling of March 1, 2017 subsequently confirmed its illegitimacy under Article 2598 of the Civil Code, banning it definitively and allowing only ‘Uber Black’ to operate: a premium service provided by professional NCC drivers. Uber, a start up founded in California in 2009, offers a transportation service by acting as an intermediary between drivers and passengers. Drivers are private individuals who use their own vehicles to transport passengers along routes predetermined through the application. Uber connects supply and demand by combining drivers’ vehicles with passengers’ mobile technologies, such as GPS. Today, Uber operates in more than 15,000 cities worldwide, alongside many other ride-sharing applications. What led Italy to the 2017 ruling? The first chapter of this paper will analyze what the sharing economy is, with a particular focus on Uber, examining its expansion worldwide and how different countries have regulated it. The second chapter will address the Italian case, from Uber’s entry into an already troubled context, namely the non-scheduled transport sector, to the protests and growing pressure from taxi drivers, and the subsequent rulings that ultimately declared it unlawful, bringing the analysis up to the present situation. The final chapter will focus on interpreting the events surrounding the case through the lens of Kingdon’s multiple streams framework, situating Uber within the broader context of Italian taxi lobbying. The analysis will ultimately show how conflicts of interest can emerge from innovative contexts, potentially leading to situations of policy failure.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/111537