The paper analyzes the evolution of the role of teachers in Italian schools from the post-World War II period to the present day, highlighting the progressive transition from a predominantly authoritarian and transmissive figure to an educational professional capable of guiding, facilitating and accompanying students' learning processes. Through a historical, pedagogical and normative journey, the thesis explores into the main transformations that have affected the Italian school system, highlighting the connection between social and cultural changes and the redefinition of teacher identity. Attention is paid to the role of schools in the democratic reconstruction of post-war Italy, to the influences of the pedagogical currents that developed in the 1960s and 1970s and to the impact of the ’68 movement on the critique of the traditional school model. The paper also analyzes the reforms that have contributed to changing the role of teachers, from the Delegated Decrees of 1974 to the introduction of school autonomy and the most recent legislative innovations, which have favored greater participation, collegiality and the valorization of teaching professionalism. Lastly, the reflection focuses on the figure of the contemporary teacher, today called upon to possess a wide variety of skills essential for promoting inclusion, participation and wellness within the classroom group. This way, stands out the characteristics of a teacher who, in addition to transmitting knowledge, takes on the role of educational guide, learning facilitator and point of reference in the personal and formative growth of students.
L’elaborato analizza l’evoluzione del ruolo dell’insegnante nella scuola italiana dal secondo dopoguerra fino ai giorni nostri, mettendo in evidenza il progressivo passaggio da una figura prevalentemente autoritaria e trasmissiva a un professionista dell’educazione capace di guidare, facilitare e accompagnare i processi di apprendimento degli alunni. Attraverso un percorso storico, pedagogico e normativo, la tesi approfondisce le principali trasformazioni che hanno interessato il sistema scolastico italiano, evidenziando il legame tra cambiamenti sociali, culturali e ridefinizione dell’identità docente. Viene dedicata attenzione al ruolo della scuola nella ricostruzione democratica dell’Italia del dopoguerra, alle influenze delle correnti pedagogiche sviluppatesi negli anni Sessanta e Settanta e all’impatto del movimento del ’68 nella critica al modello scolastico tradizionale. L’elaborato analizza inoltre le riforme che hanno contribuito a modificare la funzione dell’insegnante, dai Decreti Delegati del 1974 fino all’introduzione dell’autonomia scolastica e alle più recenti innovazioni legislative, che hanno favorito una maggiore partecipazione, collegialità e valorizzazione della professionalità docente. La riflessione si concentra infine sulla figura dell’insegnante contemporaneo, chiamato oggi a possedere un’ampia varietà di competenze indispensabili per promuovere inclusione, partecipazione e benessere all’interno del gruppo classe. Emergono così le caratteristiche di un docente che, oltre a trasmettere conoscenze, assume il ruolo di guida educativa, facilitatore dell’apprendimento e punto di riferimento nella crescita personale e formativa degli studenti.
Il cambiamento del ruolo dell'insegnante dal secondo dopoguerra ad oggi: da trasmettitore di conoscenze a guida e facilitatore
SANTAGIULIANA, ELISA
2025/2026
Abstract
The paper analyzes the evolution of the role of teachers in Italian schools from the post-World War II period to the present day, highlighting the progressive transition from a predominantly authoritarian and transmissive figure to an educational professional capable of guiding, facilitating and accompanying students' learning processes. Through a historical, pedagogical and normative journey, the thesis explores into the main transformations that have affected the Italian school system, highlighting the connection between social and cultural changes and the redefinition of teacher identity. Attention is paid to the role of schools in the democratic reconstruction of post-war Italy, to the influences of the pedagogical currents that developed in the 1960s and 1970s and to the impact of the ’68 movement on the critique of the traditional school model. The paper also analyzes the reforms that have contributed to changing the role of teachers, from the Delegated Decrees of 1974 to the introduction of school autonomy and the most recent legislative innovations, which have favored greater participation, collegiality and the valorization of teaching professionalism. Lastly, the reflection focuses on the figure of the contemporary teacher, today called upon to possess a wide variety of skills essential for promoting inclusion, participation and wellness within the classroom group. This way, stands out the characteristics of a teacher who, in addition to transmitting knowledge, takes on the role of educational guide, learning facilitator and point of reference in the personal and formative growth of students.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/112163