Forensic neuropsychological assessment presupposes that test performance reflects the examinee's actual abilities, an assumption made problematic by the high frequency of malingering, that is, the intentional production or exaggeration of symptoms, motivated by an external incentive, in criminal justice contexts. Using as a case study a forensic psychiatric evaluation ordered in a homicide proceeding and focused on the assessment of executive functions for the purpose of determining criminal responsibility (capacity to understand and to will), this work examines the conditions under which the results of such tests can be considered interpretable. After reconstructing the theoretical framework, the analysis focuses on the executive function tests used in the case under examination. These reveal uninterpretable results, with errors concentrated in the simpler components of the tasks, even before the function under investigation, in the absence of adequate normative data and of performance validity indicators built into the tests themselves. This recurrence points to a more general problem: the tools available for assessing executive functions are mostly intended for clinical use and are not calibrated for populations subject to a substantial external incentive. The work concludes by proposing five methodological directions useful for bridging the gap between traditional instruments and the needs of the forensic context.
La valutazione neuropsicologica in ambito forense presuppone che la prestazione ai test rifletta le reali capacità dell'esaminando, un'assunzione resa problematica dall'elevata frequenza di malingering, ovvero la produzione o l'esagerazione intenzionale di sintomi, motivata da un incentivo esterno, nei contesti di giustizia penale. Utilizzando come caso di studio una perizia psichiatrico-forense disposta in un procedimento per omicidio e incentrata sulla valutazione delle funzioni esecutive ai fini del giudizio sulla capacità di intendere e di volere, il lavoro esamina le condizioni in cui i risultati di tali test possano essere considerati interpretabili. Dopo aver ricostruito il quadro teorico, l'analisi si concentra sui test delle funzioni esecutive impiegati nel caso in esame. Da questi ultimi emergono risultati non interpretabili, con errori concentrati nelle componenti più semplici dei compiti, prima ancora della funzione indagata, in assenza di dati normativi adeguati e di indicatori di validità della prestazione integrati nei test stessi. Questa ricorrenza rivela un problema più generale: gli strumenti disponibili per le funzioni esecutive sono perlopiù destinati a un uso clinico e non sono tarati per popolazioni sottoposte a un incentivo esterno consistente. Il lavoro si chiude proponendo cinque direzioni metodologiche utili a colmare il disallineamento tra gli strumenti tradizionali e le esigenze del contesto forense.
Migliorare la valutazione cognitiva in contesto giuridico: riflessioni su un caso forense
DAL BIANCO, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
Forensic neuropsychological assessment presupposes that test performance reflects the examinee's actual abilities, an assumption made problematic by the high frequency of malingering, that is, the intentional production or exaggeration of symptoms, motivated by an external incentive, in criminal justice contexts. Using as a case study a forensic psychiatric evaluation ordered in a homicide proceeding and focused on the assessment of executive functions for the purpose of determining criminal responsibility (capacity to understand and to will), this work examines the conditions under which the results of such tests can be considered interpretable. After reconstructing the theoretical framework, the analysis focuses on the executive function tests used in the case under examination. These reveal uninterpretable results, with errors concentrated in the simpler components of the tasks, even before the function under investigation, in the absence of adequate normative data and of performance validity indicators built into the tests themselves. This recurrence points to a more general problem: the tools available for assessing executive functions are mostly intended for clinical use and are not calibrated for populations subject to a substantial external incentive. The work concludes by proposing five methodological directions useful for bridging the gap between traditional instruments and the needs of the forensic context.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113518