Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized not only by positive and negative symptoms but also by significant cognitive deficits. These impairments affect everyday functioning and social integration. Among the most extensively investigated cognitive impairments, deficits in cognitive control are of particular importance, as they influence the ability to maintain goals, regulate behavior, and flexibly adapt to environmental demands. This thesis examines the role of cognitive control in schizophrenia, focusing on the distinction between proactive and reactive control according to the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework. After providing a theoretical overview of schizophrenia and the main models of cognitive control, the thesis reviews the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these processes and the evidence regarding their alterations in individuals with schizophrenia. Through a review of the scientific literature, this work analyzes impairments in proactive and reactive control mechanisms, highlighting differences in behavioral performance and neurophysiological correlates. Particular attention is devoted to findings derived from neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies, with a focus on the role of the prefrontal cortex, frontoparietal networks, and dopaminergic systems involved in cognitive control. Finally, the thesis discusses the main clinical implications of the current evidence, emphasizing the importance of a better understanding of cognitive control deficits for the development of more targeted therapeutic and rehabilitation interventions. It also examines the limitations of the existing literature and outlines future research directions, highlighting the need for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying the dissociation between proactive and reactive cognitive control in schizophrenia.
La schizofrenia è un disturbo psichiatrico complesso, caratterizzato non solo da sintomi positivi e negativi, ma anche da significativi deficit cognitivi. Questi deficit compromettono il funzionamento quotidiano e l’integrazione sociale. Tra gli aspetti studiati, le alterazioni del controllo cognitivo sono particolarmente importanti, poiché influenzano la capacità di mantenere obiettivi, regolare comportamenti e adattarsi in modo flessibile alle richieste ambientali. Questa tesi analizza il ruolo del controllo cognitivo nella schizofrenia, focalizzandosi sulla distinzione tra controllo proattivo e controllo reattivo, secondo il modello dei Dual Mechanisms of Control. Dopo aver fornito un inquadramento teorico della schizofrenia e dei principali modelli del controllo cognitivo, si esaminano i meccanismi neurofisiologici alla base di tali processi e le evidenze riguardo le loro alterazioni nei pazienti con schizofrenia. Attraverso una revisione della letteratura scientifica, si analizzano i deficit dei meccanismi proattivi e reattivi, evidenziando le differenze nelle prestazioni comportamentali e nei correlati neurofisiologici. Questi ultimi vengono osservati mediante tecniche di neuroimaging e neurofisiologia. Si dedica particolare attenzione al ruolo della corteccia prefrontale, dei circuiti fronto-parietali e dei sistemi dopaminergici coinvolti nella regolazione del controllo cognitivo. Infine, la tesi discute le principali implicazioni cliniche delle evidenze attuali. Sottolinea l'importanza di comprendere meglio i deficit del controllo cognitivo per sviluppare interventi terapeutici e riabilitativi più mirati. Si analizzano anche i limiti della letteratura presente e le principali prospettive di ricerca future, evidenziando la necessità di approfondire i meccanismi alla base della dissociazione tra controllo cognitivo proattivo e reattivo nella schizofrenia.
Dissociazione tra controllo cognitivo proattivo e reattivo nella schizofrenia: evidenze comportamentali e neurofisiologiche
DONATI, GIACOMO
2025/2026
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized not only by positive and negative symptoms but also by significant cognitive deficits. These impairments affect everyday functioning and social integration. Among the most extensively investigated cognitive impairments, deficits in cognitive control are of particular importance, as they influence the ability to maintain goals, regulate behavior, and flexibly adapt to environmental demands. This thesis examines the role of cognitive control in schizophrenia, focusing on the distinction between proactive and reactive control according to the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework. After providing a theoretical overview of schizophrenia and the main models of cognitive control, the thesis reviews the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these processes and the evidence regarding their alterations in individuals with schizophrenia. Through a review of the scientific literature, this work analyzes impairments in proactive and reactive control mechanisms, highlighting differences in behavioral performance and neurophysiological correlates. Particular attention is devoted to findings derived from neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies, with a focus on the role of the prefrontal cortex, frontoparietal networks, and dopaminergic systems involved in cognitive control. Finally, the thesis discusses the main clinical implications of the current evidence, emphasizing the importance of a better understanding of cognitive control deficits for the development of more targeted therapeutic and rehabilitation interventions. It also examines the limitations of the existing literature and outlines future research directions, highlighting the need for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying the dissociation between proactive and reactive cognitive control in schizophrenia.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113529