The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is a dimensional research framework developed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and is analyzed as a complementary perspective to the traditional categorical approach of the DSM-5-TR. Following a comparison of the two models, several limitations of categorical classification are highlighted, including the arbitrariness of cut-off points, the symptomatic heterogeneity of diagnoses, and the limited focus on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying mental disorders. Through a review of the scientific literature, with particular reference to empirical studies that adopt the RDoC, each domain of functioning outlined by the model is analyzed in order to illustrate its potential applications in the study of psychopathology. This same perspective is then applied to the schizophrenia spectrum, a clinical domain extensively investigated through the RDoC due to its high symptomatic and etiological complexity. The analysis shows how a dimensional and neuroscientific approach allows for the identification of aspects that are difficult to explore using an exclusively categorical classification. Overall, this paper highlights how a dimensional and transdiagnostic perspective can help enrich our understanding of psychopathology—and, in particular, the schizophrenia spectrum—by directing research toward the underlying neurobiological and functional mechanisms.
Il Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) è un framework di ricerca dimensionale sviluppato dal National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) e viene analizzato come prospettiva complementare all'approccio categoriale tradizionale del DSM-5-TR. Dopo un confronto tra i due modelli, vengono evidenziati alcuni limiti della classificazione categoriale, tra cui l'arbitrarietà dei punti di cut-off, l'eterogeneità sintomatologica delle diagnosi e la limitata attenzione ai meccanismi neurobiologici sottostanti ai disturbi mentali. Attraverso una revisione della letteratura scientifica, con particolare riferimento a studi empirici che adottano l’RDoC, viene analizzato ciascun dominio di funzionamento previsto dal modello, al fine di illustrarne le potenzialità applicative nello studio della psicopatologia. Questa stessa prospettiva viene poi applicata allo spettro schizofrenico, un ambito clinico ampiamente indagato attraverso l'RDoC per la sua elevata complessità sintomatologica ed eziologica. L'analisi mostra come un approccio dimensionale e neuroscientifico permetta di cogliere aspetti difficilmente esplorabili mediante una classificazione esclusivamente categoriale. Nel complesso, l'elaborato evidenzia come una prospettiva dimensionale e transdiagnostica possa contribuire ad arricchire la comprensione della psicopatologia e, in particolare, dello spettro schizofrenico, orientando la ricerca verso i meccanismi neurobiologici e funzionali che ne sono alla base.
Il framework Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) nella ricerca psicopatologica: dal confronto con il DSM-5-TR alle sue applicazioni nello spettro schizofrenico
ZANON, CAROLINA
2025/2026
Abstract
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is a dimensional research framework developed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and is analyzed as a complementary perspective to the traditional categorical approach of the DSM-5-TR. Following a comparison of the two models, several limitations of categorical classification are highlighted, including the arbitrariness of cut-off points, the symptomatic heterogeneity of diagnoses, and the limited focus on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying mental disorders. Through a review of the scientific literature, with particular reference to empirical studies that adopt the RDoC, each domain of functioning outlined by the model is analyzed in order to illustrate its potential applications in the study of psychopathology. This same perspective is then applied to the schizophrenia spectrum, a clinical domain extensively investigated through the RDoC due to its high symptomatic and etiological complexity. The analysis shows how a dimensional and neuroscientific approach allows for the identification of aspects that are difficult to explore using an exclusively categorical classification. Overall, this paper highlights how a dimensional and transdiagnostic perspective can help enrich our understanding of psychopathology—and, in particular, the schizophrenia spectrum—by directing research toward the underlying neurobiological and functional mechanisms.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113722