This thesis studies the role of symmetries in one-dimensional quantum lattice systems, focusing on the 1+1D Ising model and the Majorana chain. Both standard (invertible) symmetries and recently introduced non-invertible symmetries are considered, with the aim of understanding how they act in these models. The work uses tensor network methods to describe the quantum states and to analyze symmetry operators. In particular, the composition of these operators is studied using diagrammatic techniques, including the ZX-calculus, which provides a clear way to represent and combine symmetries. The entanglement properties of the system are also investigated through the entanglement entropy. The relation between symmetry and entanglement is examined, showing how symmetries constrain and help organize the structure of entanglement in the system. Overall, the thesis provides an overview of how different types of symmetries appear in simple lattice models and how they relate to the entanglement structure of the corresponding quantum states.
Questa tesi studia il ruolo delle simmetrie nei sistemi quantistici su reticolo unidimensionali, concentrandosi sul modello di Ising 1+1D e sulla catena di Majorana. Vengono considerate sia le simmetrie standard (invertibili) sia le simmetrie non invertibili recentemente introdotte, con l'obiettivo di comprendere come agiscono all'interno di questi modelli. Il lavoro impiega i metodi delle reti tensoriali per descrivere gli stati quantistici e per analizzare gli operatori di simmetria. In particolare, la composizione di questi operatori viene studiata utilizzando tecniche diagrammatiche, incluso lo ZX-calculus, che fornisce un modo chiaro per rappresentare e combinare le simmetrie. Vengono inoltre indagate le proprietà di entanglement del sistema attraverso l'entropia di entanglement. Viene esaminata la relazione tra simmetria ed entanglement, mostrando come le simmetrie impongano vincoli e aiutino a organizzare la struttura dell'entanglement nel sistema. Nel complesso, la tesi offre una panoramica su come diverse tipologie di simmetrie si manifestino in semplici modelli su reticolo e su come queste siano correlate alla struttura di entanglement dei corrispondenti stati quantistici.
Strutture di simmetria ed entanglement nei modelli su reticolo 1+1D di Ising e Majorana
MASIERO, SOFIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis studies the role of symmetries in one-dimensional quantum lattice systems, focusing on the 1+1D Ising model and the Majorana chain. Both standard (invertible) symmetries and recently introduced non-invertible symmetries are considered, with the aim of understanding how they act in these models. The work uses tensor network methods to describe the quantum states and to analyze symmetry operators. In particular, the composition of these operators is studied using diagrammatic techniques, including the ZX-calculus, which provides a clear way to represent and combine symmetries. The entanglement properties of the system are also investigated through the entanglement entropy. The relation between symmetry and entanglement is examined, showing how symmetries constrain and help organize the structure of entanglement in the system. Overall, the thesis provides an overview of how different types of symmetries appear in simple lattice models and how they relate to the entanglement structure of the corresponding quantum states.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114445