Classical electrodynamics exhibits an elegant symmetry known as electromagnetic duality invariance, which reflects the covariance of the free Maxwell equations under continuous SO(2) transformations that mix the electric and magnetic fields. However, the standard Lagrangian formulation does not natively incorporate this symmetry. Furthermore, the linear Maxwell model is limited by the issue of self-interaction energy divergences for point charges. To restore this symmetry at the level of the variational action and resolve the problem of classical divergences, non-linear extensions of electrodynamics have been formulated. These include the well-known Born-Infeld theory, which is of particular modern interest due to its connections with string theory and D-branes.This work critically analyzes and compares the main formal frameworks developed in the literature to generate non-linear Lagrangians for the electromagnetic field in a four-dimensional spacetime that intrinsically incorporate duality invariance.
L'elettrodinamica classica presenta un'elegante simmetria nota come invarianza per dualità elettromagnetica, la quale riflette la covarianza delle equazioni di Maxwell libere sotto trasformazioni continue del gruppo SO(2) che mescolano campo elettrico e magnetico. Tuttavia, la formulazione lagrangiana standard non incorpora nativamente questa simmetria. Inoltre, il modello lineare di Maxwell è limitato dal problema delle divergenze dell'energia di auto-interazione per le cariche puntiformi. Per ripristinare la simmetria a livello dell'azione variazionale e risolvere il problema delle divergenze classiche, sono state formulate estensioni non lineari dell'elettrodinamica, tra cui la nota teoria di Born-Infeld, di particolare interesse moderno per i suoi legami con la teoria delle stringhe e le D-brane. Questo elaborato analizza e confronta criticamente i principali costrutti formali sviluppati in letteratura per generare lagrangiane non lineari del campo elettromagnetico in uno spaziotempo quadridimensionale che integrino in modo intrinseco l'invarianza per dualità.
Estensioni non lineari e invarianti per dualità dell'elettrodinamica classica
PIGATO, GIULIO
2025/2026
Abstract
Classical electrodynamics exhibits an elegant symmetry known as electromagnetic duality invariance, which reflects the covariance of the free Maxwell equations under continuous SO(2) transformations that mix the electric and magnetic fields. However, the standard Lagrangian formulation does not natively incorporate this symmetry. Furthermore, the linear Maxwell model is limited by the issue of self-interaction energy divergences for point charges. To restore this symmetry at the level of the variational action and resolve the problem of classical divergences, non-linear extensions of electrodynamics have been formulated. These include the well-known Born-Infeld theory, which is of particular modern interest due to its connections with string theory and D-branes.This work critically analyzes and compares the main formal frameworks developed in the literature to generate non-linear Lagrangians for the electromagnetic field in a four-dimensional spacetime that intrinsically incorporate duality invariance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114450