Since the work of Newton, the long-term stability of the Solar System has been questioned. One of the most important contributions to this problem was firstly introduced by Lagrange and immediately applied by Laplace as well. In this thesis, we will review the Lagrange–Laplace theory for the long-term dynamics of a planetary system with a modern point of view: through canonical perturbation theory, we will apply the averaging principle to the planetary Hamiltonian, integrating the planet-planet interactions over the Keplerian orbits of the planets. This will lead to the description of interacting rings of distributed mass, which, at degree 2 in eccentricities and inclinations, will be the same as a system of coupled harmonic oscillators. Therefore, we will find the proper frequencies of the normal modes of oscillation, that correspond to the precession frequencies of the pericentres and of the nodes of the planetary orbit. A direct application of this method will be displayed in the case of a two-planet system and of the Solar System.
A partire dal lavoro di Newton, la stabilità a lungo termine del Sistema Solare è stata dibattuta. Uno dei contributi più significativi riguardo questo problema fu dapprima introdotto da Lagrange e successivamente applicato dallo stesso Laplace. Nella presente tesi, ripercorreremo la teoria di Lagrange–Laplace sulla dinamica a lungo termine di un sistema planetario, con uno sguardo moderno: grazie alla teoria canonica delle perturbazioni, applicheremo il principio della media all’Hamiltoniana planetaria, andando ad integrare le mutue interazioni tra pianeti lungo le loro stesse orbite Kepleriane. Con ciò, si otterrà una descrizione dell’interazione di questi anelli massivi, la quale, al grado 2 in eccentricità e inclinazione, sarà la medesima di un sistema di oscillatori armonici accoppiati. Dunque, ricaveremo le frequenze proprie dei modi normali di oscillazione, le quali corrispondono alle frequenze di precessione dei pericentri e dei nodi di un’orbita planetaria. Una applicazione di questa teoria si può direttamente osservare nel caso di un sistema a due pianeti e del Sistema Solare.
Teoria di Lagrange–Laplace per la dinamica planetaria secolare
PITOZZI, STEFANO
2025/2026
Abstract
Since the work of Newton, the long-term stability of the Solar System has been questioned. One of the most important contributions to this problem was firstly introduced by Lagrange and immediately applied by Laplace as well. In this thesis, we will review the Lagrange–Laplace theory for the long-term dynamics of a planetary system with a modern point of view: through canonical perturbation theory, we will apply the averaging principle to the planetary Hamiltonian, integrating the planet-planet interactions over the Keplerian orbits of the planets. This will lead to the description of interacting rings of distributed mass, which, at degree 2 in eccentricities and inclinations, will be the same as a system of coupled harmonic oscillators. Therefore, we will find the proper frequencies of the normal modes of oscillation, that correspond to the precession frequencies of the pericentres and of the nodes of the planetary orbit. A direct application of this method will be displayed in the case of a two-planet system and of the Solar System.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114451