This research stems from the observation that the concept of the irrational is characterized by polysemy in philosophical debate. This becomes evident even at first glance at the most recent literature —such as the volume Irrationality (Sullivan-Bisset, 2025)— in which the term is predominantly associated with the philosophy of mind and cognitive science, in relation to irrational beliefs, cognitive biases, and decision-making processes. This usage differs significantly, for example, from philosophical traditions in which the irrational has instead been explored within an eminently metaphysical framework. Building on this diversity of uses, this paper focuses on Nicolai Hartmann’s reflections, in which the problem of the irrational is presented in one of its most philosophically sophisticated formulations. Through an analysis of Grundzüge einer Metaphysik der Erkenntnis, this paper examines —within the broader framework of the problem of knowledge—t he relationship between transcendence, the thing-in-itself, knowability, and the limits of rationality, highlighting the role that the irrational plays within this theoretical framework. The analysis, however, is not limited to an exposition of the author’s position but critically discusses some of its presuppositions, examining the tension between the characterization of the irrational as a limit of knowledge and its progressive integration into the ontological framework of Hartmann’s philosophy. The aim of this research is not to reduce the concept of the irrational to a single meaning, but rather to show how it assumes different theoretical functions depending on the philosophical framework within which it is developed. From this perspective, reflection on the irrational proves to be a privileged vantage point for investigating the problem of the limits of knowledge and rationality, while leaving open the question of the possible transformations and subsequent developments of this concept.
La presente ricerca prende le mosse dalla constatazione della polisemia che caratterizza il concetto di “irrazionale” nel dibattito filosofico. Ciò emerge già da un primo sguardo alla letteratura più recente —si pensi al volume Irrationality (Sullivan-Bisset, 2025)— nella quale il termine viene prevalentemente ricondotto all’ambito della filosofia della mente e delle scienze cognitive, in relazione alle irrational beliefs, ai bias cognitivi e ai processi decisionali. Un impiego che si distingue in modo significativo, ad esempio, da tradizioni filosofiche nelle quali l’irrazionale è stato invece elaborato entro un orizzonte eminentemente metafisico. Muovendo da questa pluralità di impieghi, l'elaborato si concentra sulla riflessione di Nicolai Hartmann, nella quale il problema dell’irrazionale riceve una delle sue formulazioni filosoficamente più articolate. Attraverso l’analisi dei Grundzüge einer Metaphysik der Erkenntnis, vengono esaminati —nel quadro più globale del problema della conoscenza— il rapporto tra trascendenza, cosa in sé, conoscibilità e limite della razionalità, mettendo in luce la funzione che l’irrazionale assume all’interno di tale posizione teorica. L’analisi non si limita tuttavia a un’esposizione della posizione dell’autore, ma ne discute criticamente alcuni presupposti, interrogandosi sulla tensione tra la caratterizzazione dell’irrazionale come limite della conoscenza e la sua progressiva integrazione entro l’impianto ontologico della filosofia hartmanniana. L’obiettivo della ricerca non è quello di ricondurre il concetto di irrazionale a un significato unitario, bensì di mostrare come esso assuma funzioni teoriche differenti a seconda del quadro filosofico entro cui viene elaborato. In questa prospettiva, la riflessione sull’irrazionale si rivela un punto di osservazione privilegiato per indagare il problema dei limiti della conoscenza e della razionalità, lasciando aperta la questione circa le possibili trasformazioni e gli sviluppi successivi di tale concetto.
Pensare il limite. L’irrazionale nel problema della conoscenza a partire dai Grundzüge einer Metaphysik der Erkenntnis.
SPAGNOLLI, GIULIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This research stems from the observation that the concept of the irrational is characterized by polysemy in philosophical debate. This becomes evident even at first glance at the most recent literature —such as the volume Irrationality (Sullivan-Bisset, 2025)— in which the term is predominantly associated with the philosophy of mind and cognitive science, in relation to irrational beliefs, cognitive biases, and decision-making processes. This usage differs significantly, for example, from philosophical traditions in which the irrational has instead been explored within an eminently metaphysical framework. Building on this diversity of uses, this paper focuses on Nicolai Hartmann’s reflections, in which the problem of the irrational is presented in one of its most philosophically sophisticated formulations. Through an analysis of Grundzüge einer Metaphysik der Erkenntnis, this paper examines —within the broader framework of the problem of knowledge—t he relationship between transcendence, the thing-in-itself, knowability, and the limits of rationality, highlighting the role that the irrational plays within this theoretical framework. The analysis, however, is not limited to an exposition of the author’s position but critically discusses some of its presuppositions, examining the tension between the characterization of the irrational as a limit of knowledge and its progressive integration into the ontological framework of Hartmann’s philosophy. The aim of this research is not to reduce the concept of the irrational to a single meaning, but rather to show how it assumes different theoretical functions depending on the philosophical framework within which it is developed. From this perspective, reflection on the irrational proves to be a privileged vantage point for investigating the problem of the limits of knowledge and rationality, while leaving open the question of the possible transformations and subsequent developments of this concept.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/117648