In recent decades, social and cultural changes have favored the spread of family configurations that are increasingly diversified compared to the traditional model. Among these, same-sex families represent a progressively growing reality that, despite greater visibility and greater social recognition, continues to face forms of stigma and discrimination. In this context, it is particularly important to deepen the ways in which parents support their children in the construction of their identity and in the management of possible experiences of prejudice related to the family structure to which they belong. The present research aims to explore the preparation and prevention strategies adopted by same-sex families with respect to possible situations of social stigma. After a theoretical reconstruction of the evolution of contemporary family models, the spread of same-sex families and the Italian regulatory framework, the study deepens the experiences of parents and children through a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews conducted with some families. The analysis of the data highlighted the presence of some recurring themes in the narratives of the participants. In particular, communication emerges as one of the main protection and preparation strategies adopted by parents. Open, clear and age-appropriate communication promotes understanding of one's own family reality, promotes the enhancement of differences and helps to develop greater awareness of possible manifestations of prejudice. In this educational process, parents do not limit themselves to providing explanations about their own family configuration, but encourage a broader reflection on the concept of normality and the socially constructed nature of many representations related to the family. A further element that emerged concerns the role of the social and environmental context. The conscious choice of educational and school contexts represents a particularly significant preventive strategy, as it allows families to identify environments perceived as inclusive and respectful of diversity. The results also show how the territorial and socio-cultural context significantly influences the experiences of families and children. The presence of environments characterized by greater openness to family and cultural diversity seems to favor processes of inclusion, the construction of positive social relationships and the recognition of one's own experience within a plurality of family models. Overall, the preparation and prevention strategies implemented by parents appear as dynamic processes that develop over time and adapt to the characteristics of different life contexts. The results highlight the central role of educational and relational practices in promoting the well-being of children and in supporting the development of personal resources useful for dealing with any stigmatizing experiences. From the testimonies collected, it emerges that parents are strongly committed to building growth contexts characterized by dialogue, openness and appreciation of differences. At the same time, the results suggest that any difficulties encountered by children are more attributable to the presence of prejudices and resistance in the social context, rather than to the family structure itself. The research therefore highlights the importance of promoting a culture of inclusion and recognition of family diversity, in order to promote the well-being and full social participation of all families.
Negli ultimi decenni, i cambiamenti sociali e culturali hanno favorito la diffusione di configurazioni familiari sempre più diversificate rispetto al modello tradizionale. Tra queste, le famiglie omogenitoriali rappresentano una realtà in progressiva crescita che, nonostante una maggiore visibilità e un maggiore riconoscimento sociale, continua a confrontarsi con forme di stigma e discriminazione. In tale contesto, risulta particolarmente rilevante approfondire le modalità attraverso cui i genitori sostengono i figli nella costruzione della propria identità e nella gestione delle possibili esperienze di pregiudizio connesse alla struttura familiare di appartenenza. La presente ricerca si propone di esplorare le strategie di preparazione e prevenzione adottate dalle famiglie omogenitoriali rispetto a possibili situazioni di stigma sociale. Dopo una ricostruzione teorica dell’evoluzione dei modelli familiari contemporanei, della diffusione delle famiglie omogenitoriali e del quadro normativo italiano, lo studio approfondisce le esperienze dei genitori e figli attraverso una metodologia qualitativa basata su interviste semi-strutturate condotte con alcune famiglie. L’analisi dei dati ha evidenziato la presenza di alcuni temi ricorrenti nelle narrazioni dei partecipanti. In particolare, la comunicazione emerge come una delle principali strategie di protezione e preparazione adottate dai genitori. Una comunicazione aperta, chiara e adeguata all’età dei figli favorisce infatti la comprensione della propria realtà familiare, promuove la valorizzazione delle differenze e contribuisce a sviluppare maggiore consapevolezza rispetto alle possibili manifestazioni di pregiudizio. In questo processo educativo, i genitori non si limitano a fornire spiegazioni sulla propria configurazione familiare, ma favoriscono una riflessione più ampia sul concetto di normalità e sulla natura socialmente costruita di molte rappresentazioni legate alla famiglia. Un ulteriore elemento emerso riguarda il ruolo del contesto sociale e ambientale. La scelta consapevole dei contesti educativi e scolastici rappresenta una strategia preventiva particolarmente significativa, poiché consente alle famiglie di individuare ambienti percepiti come inclusivi e rispettosi della diversità. I risultati mostrano inoltre come il contesto territoriale e socioculturale influenzi significativamente le esperienze delle famiglie e dei figli. La presenza di ambienti caratterizzati da una maggiore apertura alla diversità familiare e culturale sembra favorire processi di inclusione, la costruzione di relazioni sociali positive e il riconoscimento della propria esperienza all’interno di una pluralità di modelli familiari. Nel complesso, le strategie di preparazione e prevenzione messe in atto dai genitori appaiono come processi dinamici che si sviluppano nel tempo e si adattano alle caratteristiche dei diversi contesti di vita. I risultati evidenziano il ruolo centrale delle pratiche educative e relazionali nel promuovere il benessere dei figli e nel sostenere lo sviluppo di risorse personali utili ad affrontare eventuali esperienze stigmatizzanti. Dalle testimonianze raccolte emerge come i genitori siano fortemente impegnati nella costruzione di contesti di crescita caratterizzati da dialogo, apertura e valorizzazione delle differenze. Al tempo stesso, i risultati suggeriscono che le eventuali difficoltà incontrate dai figli siano maggiormente riconducibili alla presenza di pregiudizi e resistenze nel contesto sociale, piuttosto che alla struttura familiare in sé. La ricerca evidenzia pertanto l’importanza di promuovere una cultura dell’inclusione e del riconoscimento della diversità familiare, al fine di favorire il benessere e la piena partecipazione sociale di tutte le famiglie.
Crescere in una famiglia omogenitoriale: uno studio qualitativo sulle esperienze di genitori e figli/e e sulle strategie educative e relazionali
VIVANTI, GAIA
2025/2026
Abstract
In recent decades, social and cultural changes have favored the spread of family configurations that are increasingly diversified compared to the traditional model. Among these, same-sex families represent a progressively growing reality that, despite greater visibility and greater social recognition, continues to face forms of stigma and discrimination. In this context, it is particularly important to deepen the ways in which parents support their children in the construction of their identity and in the management of possible experiences of prejudice related to the family structure to which they belong. The present research aims to explore the preparation and prevention strategies adopted by same-sex families with respect to possible situations of social stigma. After a theoretical reconstruction of the evolution of contemporary family models, the spread of same-sex families and the Italian regulatory framework, the study deepens the experiences of parents and children through a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews conducted with some families. The analysis of the data highlighted the presence of some recurring themes in the narratives of the participants. In particular, communication emerges as one of the main protection and preparation strategies adopted by parents. Open, clear and age-appropriate communication promotes understanding of one's own family reality, promotes the enhancement of differences and helps to develop greater awareness of possible manifestations of prejudice. In this educational process, parents do not limit themselves to providing explanations about their own family configuration, but encourage a broader reflection on the concept of normality and the socially constructed nature of many representations related to the family. A further element that emerged concerns the role of the social and environmental context. The conscious choice of educational and school contexts represents a particularly significant preventive strategy, as it allows families to identify environments perceived as inclusive and respectful of diversity. The results also show how the territorial and socio-cultural context significantly influences the experiences of families and children. The presence of environments characterized by greater openness to family and cultural diversity seems to favor processes of inclusion, the construction of positive social relationships and the recognition of one's own experience within a plurality of family models. Overall, the preparation and prevention strategies implemented by parents appear as dynamic processes that develop over time and adapt to the characteristics of different life contexts. The results highlight the central role of educational and relational practices in promoting the well-being of children and in supporting the development of personal resources useful for dealing with any stigmatizing experiences. From the testimonies collected, it emerges that parents are strongly committed to building growth contexts characterized by dialogue, openness and appreciation of differences. At the same time, the results suggest that any difficulties encountered by children are more attributable to the presence of prejudices and resistance in the social context, rather than to the family structure itself. The research therefore highlights the importance of promoting a culture of inclusion and recognition of family diversity, in order to promote the well-being and full social participation of all families.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118323