Advances in veterinary reproductive medicine have expanded the possibilities for managing fertility and facilitating reproduction in companion animals. However, technical feasibility and reproductive success do not necessarily coincide with animal welfare. This thesis examines the ethical boundaries of human intervention in reproduction, with particular attention to dogs, and identifies scientific and ethical principles that may inform the future development of responsible reproductive guidelines. Through a narrative review of scientific literature, professional guidance and philosophical contributions, the thesis connects the consequences of artificial selection with the application of reproductive techniques. Breed standards, inbreeding, the popular sire effect and hereditary diseases are examined alongside oestrous cycle monitoring, semen cryopreservation, artificial insemination, hormonal control, cesarean section and neutering. Particular consideration is given to the perpetuation of harmful conformations and inherited predispositions, as well as the influence of aesthetic preferences and market demand on breeding decisions. The analysis highlights the need to assess interventions according to their purpose, invasiveness, expected benefits, foreseeable harms and available alternatives. Achieving pregnancy or delivering viable offspring is insufficient to establish ethical acceptability without considering maternal health, offspring quality of life and genetic diversity. Emergency treatment must also be distinguished from the elective planning of further reproduction. Within this framework, veterinarians have a central responsibility to protect animal interests through independent clinical judgement, effective communication and informed owner consent. Veterinary technicians contribute through patient monitoring, pain and behavioural assessment, maternal and neonatal care, documentation and communication within the team. Attention to professionals’ psychological well-being is also recognised as a condition supporting sustainable care. The thesis concludes that responsible reproductive medicine requires individualised decisions, transparent breeding objectives and continued assessment of outcomes. Scientific progress should support both appropriate intervention and the recognition of circumstances in which postponing or declining reproduction better protects present and future animals.
I progressi della medicina riproduttiva veterinaria hanno ampliato le possibilità di gestire la fertilità e facilitare la riproduzione negli animali da compagnia. Tuttavia, la fattibilità tecnica e il successo riproduttivo non coincidono necessariamente con il benessere animale. La presente tesi esamina i limiti etici dell’intervento umano sulla riproduzione, con particolare attenzione alla specie canina, e individua principi scientifici ed etici utili al futuro sviluppo di linee guida per una pratica riproduttiva responsabile. Attraverso una revisione narrativa della letteratura scientifica, dei documenti di indirizzo professionale e dei contributi filosofici, il lavoro mette in relazione le conseguenze della selezione artificiale con l’impiego delle tecniche riproduttive. Gli standard di razza, la consanguineità, il popular sire effect e le patologie ereditarie vengono esaminati insieme al monitoraggio del ciclo estrale, alla crioconservazione del seme, all’inseminazione artificiale, al controllo ormonale, al taglio cesareo e alla sterilizzazione. Particolare attenzione è rivolta alla perpetuazione di conformazioni dannose e predisposizioni ereditarie, nonché all’influenza delle preferenze estetiche e della domanda di mercato sulle scelte selettive. L’analisi evidenzia la necessità di valutare gli interventi in funzione delle finalità, dell’invasività, dei benefici attesi, dei danni prevedibili e delle alternative disponibili. Ottenere una gravidanza o la nascita di cuccioli vitali non è sufficiente a stabilire l’accettabilità etica di una procedura senza considerare la salute materna, la qualità di vita della prole e la diversità genetica. Occorre inoltre distinguere il trattamento di un’emergenza dalla programmazione elettiva di ulteriori riproduzioni. In questo quadro, il veterinario tutela gli interessi dell’animale attraverso il giudizio clinico indipendente, una comunicazione efficace e il consenso informato del proprietario. Il tecnico veterinario contribuisce mediante il monitoraggio del paziente, la valutazione del dolore e del comportamento, l’assistenza materna e neonatale, la documentazione e la comunicazione nell’équipe. Anche la tutela del benessere psicologico dei professionisti costituisce una condizione a sostegno della sostenibilità delle cure. La tesi conclude che una medicina riproduttiva responsabile richiede decisioni individualizzate, obiettivi selettivi trasparenti e una valutazione continuativa degli esiti. Il progresso scientifico deve sostenere sia l’intervento appropriato sia il riconoscimento delle circostanze in cui rinviare o rinunciare alla riproduzione protegge maggiormente gli animali presenti e futuri.
I confini della riproduzione assistita nella pratica dei piccoli animali: implicazioni etiche
TRIMBOLI, FEDERICA
2025/2026
Abstract
Advances in veterinary reproductive medicine have expanded the possibilities for managing fertility and facilitating reproduction in companion animals. However, technical feasibility and reproductive success do not necessarily coincide with animal welfare. This thesis examines the ethical boundaries of human intervention in reproduction, with particular attention to dogs, and identifies scientific and ethical principles that may inform the future development of responsible reproductive guidelines. Through a narrative review of scientific literature, professional guidance and philosophical contributions, the thesis connects the consequences of artificial selection with the application of reproductive techniques. Breed standards, inbreeding, the popular sire effect and hereditary diseases are examined alongside oestrous cycle monitoring, semen cryopreservation, artificial insemination, hormonal control, cesarean section and neutering. Particular consideration is given to the perpetuation of harmful conformations and inherited predispositions, as well as the influence of aesthetic preferences and market demand on breeding decisions. The analysis highlights the need to assess interventions according to their purpose, invasiveness, expected benefits, foreseeable harms and available alternatives. Achieving pregnancy or delivering viable offspring is insufficient to establish ethical acceptability without considering maternal health, offspring quality of life and genetic diversity. Emergency treatment must also be distinguished from the elective planning of further reproduction. Within this framework, veterinarians have a central responsibility to protect animal interests through independent clinical judgement, effective communication and informed owner consent. Veterinary technicians contribute through patient monitoring, pain and behavioural assessment, maternal and neonatal care, documentation and communication within the team. Attention to professionals’ psychological well-being is also recognised as a condition supporting sustainable care. The thesis concludes that responsible reproductive medicine requires individualised decisions, transparent breeding objectives and continued assessment of outcomes. Scientific progress should support both appropriate intervention and the recognition of circumstances in which postponing or declining reproduction better protects present and future animals.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118655