The centrality of digital platforms in adolescent socialization routines has redefined the boundaries of social interaction. Although these technologies offer new opportunities for connection, they can also fuel dysfunctional dynamics related to psychosocial well-being. This thesis provides a longitudinal analysis of the link between adolescent loneliness and the onset of Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU), while also paying particular attention to the role of digital entrapment—defined as the perceived pressure to be constantly available and respond immediately to peer messages. The research was conducted on a large sample of Italian adolescents, monitored across two waves of data collection to observe the evolution of behaviors over time. Using the I-PACE theoretical model as an interpretive framework, the study investigated how individual affective vulnerabilities interact with the stress arising from digital social norms perceived within the peer group. Key findings confirm that both loneliness and the perception of digital entrapment act as risk factors capable of predicting an increase in problematic behaviors on social platforms over time. Specifically, the analysis highlights a significant interaction between these two variables: the impact of loneliness on social media use varies according to the level of social pressure perceived by the adolescent. These results suggest that for young people less exposed to peer pressure, loneliness represents a primary driver toward digital media as a form of compensation; conversely, for those experiencing high availability stress, peer pressure is sufficient on its own to fuel problematic use. In conclusion, the thesis emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to reduce digital stress and promote conscious technology use to prevent this self-reinforcing dynamic of isolation and addiction.
La centralità delle piattaforme digitali nelle routine di socializzazione degli adolescenti ha ridefinito i confini delle interazioni sociali. Sebbene queste tecnologie offrano nuove opportunità di connessione, esse possono anche alimentare dinamiche disfunzionali legate al benessere psicosociale. Il presente lavoro di tesi analizza longitudinalmente il legame tra la solitudine esperita dagli adolescenti e l’insorgenza dell’Uso Problematico dei Social Media (PSMU), ponendo, inoltre, particolare attenzione sul ruolo del digital entrapment, ovvero la pressione percepita nel dover essere costantemente reperibili e rispondere immediatamente ai messaggi dei pari. La ricerca è stata condotta su un ampio campione di adolescenti italiani, monitorati attraverso due fasi di rilevazione, per osservare l’evoluzione dei comportamenti nel tempo. Utilizzando il modello teorico I-PACE come cornice interpretativa, lo studio ha indagato come le vulnerabilità affettive individuali interagiscano con lo stress derivante dalle norme sociali digitali percepite dal gruppo dei pari. I risultati principali confermano che, sia il senso di solitudine, sia la percezione di digital entrapment, agiscono come fattori di rischio in grado di predire un aumento dei comportamenti problematici sulle piattaforme social nel tempo. In particolare, l’analisi evidenzia una significativa interazione tra queste due variabili: l’impatto della solitudine sull’uso dei social media cambia in base al livello di pressione sociale percepito dall’adolescente. Questi risultati suggeriscono che, per i giovani meno esposti alla pressione amicale, la solitudine rappresenti un motore primario verso il digitale come forma di compensazione; al contrario, per chi sperimenta un alto stress da reperibilità, la pressione dei pari è di per sé sufficiente ad alimentare l’uso problematico. In conclusione, la tesi sottolinea l’importanza di interventi mirati a ridurre lo stress digitale e a promuovere un utilizzo consapevole delle tecnologie per prevenire questa dinamica di isolamento e dipendenza.
Solitudine e Uso Problematico dei Social Media in adolescenza: un’analisi longitudinale sull’interazione tra vulnerabilità individuale e aspettative sociali online.
SMITH, MICHAEL
2025/2026
Abstract
The centrality of digital platforms in adolescent socialization routines has redefined the boundaries of social interaction. Although these technologies offer new opportunities for connection, they can also fuel dysfunctional dynamics related to psychosocial well-being. This thesis provides a longitudinal analysis of the link between adolescent loneliness and the onset of Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU), while also paying particular attention to the role of digital entrapment—defined as the perceived pressure to be constantly available and respond immediately to peer messages. The research was conducted on a large sample of Italian adolescents, monitored across two waves of data collection to observe the evolution of behaviors over time. Using the I-PACE theoretical model as an interpretive framework, the study investigated how individual affective vulnerabilities interact with the stress arising from digital social norms perceived within the peer group. Key findings confirm that both loneliness and the perception of digital entrapment act as risk factors capable of predicting an increase in problematic behaviors on social platforms over time. Specifically, the analysis highlights a significant interaction between these two variables: the impact of loneliness on social media use varies according to the level of social pressure perceived by the adolescent. These results suggest that for young people less exposed to peer pressure, loneliness represents a primary driver toward digital media as a form of compensation; conversely, for those experiencing high availability stress, peer pressure is sufficient on its own to fuel problematic use. In conclusion, the thesis emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to reduce digital stress and promote conscious technology use to prevent this self-reinforcing dynamic of isolation and addiction.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118745