Neonatal imitation is a widely studied phenomenon in developmental psychology, yet it remains the subject of considerable theoretical and methodological debate. This thesis aims to critically examine the available literature on neonatal imitation, with the goal of describing its main features, identifying its possible underlying mechanisms, and discussing the different theoretical accounts that have shaped research in this field. Several interpretations of neonatal imitation have been proposed, often leading to contrasting conclusions. Some theories argue that newborns possess an innate ability to imitate actions observed in adult models. Other accounts suggest that the phenomenon should not be understood as a genuine automatic act of imitation, but rather as a tendency to produce specific behaviors in response to the observation of others. Further perspectives interpret imitation as a form of exploration of socially relevant stimuli, possibly elicited by arousal or specific states of activation. Other theories link imitation to the development of self-other knowledge, whereas more critical positions question the very existence of the phenomenon. In recent decades, the debate on neonatal imitation has also expanded into the field of neuroscience, with the use of techniques aimed at investigating brain activity during action observation and execution. In particular, electroencephalography and mu rhythm desynchronization have often been used as indirect indices of sensorimotor activity during action observation. In light of these findings, this thesis will examine the possible relationship between neonatal imitation, the sensorimotor system, and mechanisms involved in understanding others’ actions. The role attributed to mirror neurons and sensorimotor simulation will also be discussed. Particular attention will be devoted to the theoretical and methodological implications of these perspectives for developmental psychology and, more broadly, for the early understanding of social interaction.
L’imitazione neonatale è un fenomeno ampiamente studiato nell’ambito della psicologia dello sviluppo, ma ancora oggi oggetto di dibattito teorico e metodologico. La presente tesi si propone di analizzare criticamente la letteratura disponibile su questo fenomeno, con l’obiettivo di descriverne le principali caratteristiche, esaminarne i possibili meccanismi sottostanti e discutere le diverse teorie che ne hanno guidato lo studio. Le interpretazioni dell’imitazione neonatale sono molteplici e spesso tra loro contrastanti. Alcuni modelli sostengono l’esistenza, nei neonati, di una capacità innata di imitare le azioni osservate nei modelli adulti. Altri, invece, interpretano il fenomeno non come un vero e proprio atto imitativo automatico, ma come una tendenza a produrre specifici comportamenti in risposta all’osservazione altrui. Ulteriori prospettive considerano l’imitazione come una forma di esplorazione di stimoli socialmente rilevanti, favorita da condizioni di arousal o da particolari stati di attivazione. Altre teorie mettono in relazione l’imitazione con lo sviluppo della conoscenza di sé e dell’altro, mentre alcune posizioni più critiche ne mettono in discussione l’esistenza stessa. Negli ultimi decenni, il dibattito sull’imitazione neonatale si è esteso anche all’ambito delle neuroscienze, grazie all’utilizzo di tecniche volte a indagare l’attività cerebrale durante l’osservazione e l’esecuzione di azioni. In particolare, l’elettroencefalogramma e la desincronizzazione del ritmo μ sono stati spesso impiegati come indici indiretti dell’attività sensorimotoria durante l’osservazione dell’azione. Alla luce di queste evidenze, la tesi approfondirà il possibile legame tra imitazione neonatale, sistema sensorimotorio e meccanismi di comprensione delle azioni altrui, discutendo anche il ruolo attribuito ai neuroni specchio e alla simulazione sensorimotoria. Particolare attenzione sarà dedicata alle implicazioni teoriche e metodologiche di tali prospettive per la psicologia dello sviluppo e per la comprensione precoce dell’interazione sociale.
L’imitazione neonatale: teorie, metodologie sperimentali e legame con la simulazione sensorimotoria
LUCERNA, STEFANIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Neonatal imitation is a widely studied phenomenon in developmental psychology, yet it remains the subject of considerable theoretical and methodological debate. This thesis aims to critically examine the available literature on neonatal imitation, with the goal of describing its main features, identifying its possible underlying mechanisms, and discussing the different theoretical accounts that have shaped research in this field. Several interpretations of neonatal imitation have been proposed, often leading to contrasting conclusions. Some theories argue that newborns possess an innate ability to imitate actions observed in adult models. Other accounts suggest that the phenomenon should not be understood as a genuine automatic act of imitation, but rather as a tendency to produce specific behaviors in response to the observation of others. Further perspectives interpret imitation as a form of exploration of socially relevant stimuli, possibly elicited by arousal or specific states of activation. Other theories link imitation to the development of self-other knowledge, whereas more critical positions question the very existence of the phenomenon. In recent decades, the debate on neonatal imitation has also expanded into the field of neuroscience, with the use of techniques aimed at investigating brain activity during action observation and execution. In particular, electroencephalography and mu rhythm desynchronization have often been used as indirect indices of sensorimotor activity during action observation. In light of these findings, this thesis will examine the possible relationship between neonatal imitation, the sensorimotor system, and mechanisms involved in understanding others’ actions. The role attributed to mirror neurons and sensorimotor simulation will also be discussed. Particular attention will be devoted to the theoretical and methodological implications of these perspectives for developmental psychology and, more broadly, for the early understanding of social interaction.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118805