Social protests are a fundamental tool of democratic participation, but the use of particularly disruptive tactics can negatively affect the way in which they are perceived by the public. The literature has extensively investigated the effects of protests on support for social movements, yet research remains limited on the consequences that such forms of mobilisation may have on public support for policies that restrict civil liberties and the surveillance of protesters. This study aims to explore this issue in the Italian context using a 2 × 2 experimental design, in which the level of disruption (disruptive vs. non-disruptive) and the protest issue (climate change vs. anti-immigration) are manipulated. Participants are presented with a newspaper article describing a realistic protest under one of the four experimental conditions. Then we examine support for the protest cause, emotional connection to the protesters and judgements regarding their morality, support for laws restricting individual freedoms, and support for increased surveillance of protesters. The present study also examines the role of political orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, the importance given to public safety and social order, as well as the possible role of anger triggered by the protest. In particular, we hypothesise that protests perceived as ideologically inconsistent with participants’ values, especially when highly disruptive, foster greater support for measures restricting civil liberties. By integrating the literature on the psychology of collective action, public opinion reactions to protests and processes of political polarisation, this study aims to contribute to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that influence public acceptance of restrictions on civil liberties in contemporary democracies.
Le proteste sociali rappresentano uno strumento fondamentale di partecipazione democratica, ma il ricorso a tattiche particolarmente dirompenti può peggiorare il modo in cui esse vengono percepite dall'opinione pubblica. La letteratura ha ampiamente indagato gli effetti delle proteste sul sostegno ai movimenti sociali, mentre risulta ancora limitata la ricerca sulle conseguenze che tali forme di mobilitazione possono avere sul consenso verso politiche restrittive delle libertà civili e della sorveglianza dei manifestanti. Il presente studio si propone di approfondire questo tema nel contesto italiano attraverso un disegno sperimentale 2 × 2, nel quale vengono manipolate la dirompenza (dirompente vs. non dirompente) e la tematica della protesta (cambiamento climatico vs. anti-immigrazione). Ai partecipanti viene presentato un articolo di giornale che descrive una protesta realistica secondo una delle quattro condizioni sperimentali. Vengono successivamente rilevati il supporto alla causa della protesta, la connessione emotiva nei confronti dei manifestanti e i giudizi sulla loro moralità, il supporto a leggi restrittive delle libertà individuali, e il sostegno a una maggiore sorveglianza dei manifestanti. Lo studio esamina inoltre il ruolo dell'orientamento politico, del Right-Wing Authoritarianism, dell'importanza attribuita alla sicurezza pubblica e all’ordine sociale, nonché il possibile ruolo della rabbia suscitata dalla protesta. In particolare, si ipotizza che le proteste percepite come ideologicamente incongruenti con i valori dei partecipanti, soprattutto quando caratterizzate da elevata dirompenza, favoriscano un maggiore sostegno a misure restrittive delle libertà civili. Attraverso l'integrazione della letteratura sulla psicologia dell'azione collettiva, sulle reazioni dell'opinione pubblica alle proteste e sui processi di polarizzazione politica, il presente lavoro intende contribuire alla comprensione dei meccanismi psicologici che influenzano il consenso nei confronti della limitazione delle libertà civili nelle democrazie contemporanee.
Proteste dirompenti e supporto a leggi che limitano la libertà di espressione: il ruolo del tema della protesta e l’orientamento politico individuale.
SERAFINI, CHIARA
2025/2026
Abstract
Social protests are a fundamental tool of democratic participation, but the use of particularly disruptive tactics can negatively affect the way in which they are perceived by the public. The literature has extensively investigated the effects of protests on support for social movements, yet research remains limited on the consequences that such forms of mobilisation may have on public support for policies that restrict civil liberties and the surveillance of protesters. This study aims to explore this issue in the Italian context using a 2 × 2 experimental design, in which the level of disruption (disruptive vs. non-disruptive) and the protest issue (climate change vs. anti-immigration) are manipulated. Participants are presented with a newspaper article describing a realistic protest under one of the four experimental conditions. Then we examine support for the protest cause, emotional connection to the protesters and judgements regarding their morality, support for laws restricting individual freedoms, and support for increased surveillance of protesters. The present study also examines the role of political orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, the importance given to public safety and social order, as well as the possible role of anger triggered by the protest. In particular, we hypothesise that protests perceived as ideologically inconsistent with participants’ values, especially when highly disruptive, foster greater support for measures restricting civil liberties. By integrating the literature on the psychology of collective action, public opinion reactions to protests and processes of political polarisation, this study aims to contribute to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that influence public acceptance of restrictions on civil liberties in contemporary democracies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/119149