Direct analysis in real-time (DART) was patented in April 2003. The first public presentation takes place only a few years later at the ASMS Sanibel conference in January 2005. After a soft pedal start, DART arrives in Europe through the University of Prague, where researchers found a potential in applying DART, coupled to mass spectrometry, to the agri-food sector. Nowadays DART-MS methods are a well-known technique, representing a powerful analytical approach to the metabolomic characterization of food samples employed in chemical quality, safety, origin and authentication. Metabolomics, a branch of omics sciences, aims to provide a qualitative-quantitative measure of the metabolites that are present either in a cell, a tissue, an organ or an organism. To facilitate the recognition skills, statistical patterns are employed to guarantee a correct identification between different classes of products, which are discriminated by metabolic profiles. Through statistical approach, using multivariate analysis of the components the method employed obtains a great efficiency, describing the characteristics of the object under examination uniquely. By virtue of the possibilities offered by the omics sciences, DART-MS has the advantage of being able to perform analyses without looking for a specific target analytes. Carrying out a description of the substrate, DART-MS is able to trace the presence of unknown compounds, favoring the efficiency of the diagnostic activities in the recognition of unknown substances whose presence may not be appreciated. This new generation ion source, applied to the ionization of small molecules in environmental conditions, is adaptable to numerous mass spectrometers (MS), allowing the analysis of samples in a very short time. The main advantages of DART-MS for food analysis include: high sensitivity, specificity and an increase in laboratory efficiency due to the streamlining done in part by removing the need to prepare samples and solvent. Scientific consensus encourages a future introduction of DART-MS in routine analyzes in laboratories all over the world.
L'analisi diretta in tempo reale (DART) è stata brevettata nell'aprile 2003, data di deposito nel registro di brevetto statunitense. La prima presentazione al pubblico avviene solo qualche anno dopo alla conferenza ASMS Sanibel nel gennaio 2005. Suscitando inizialmente un moderato interesse, DART arriva in Europa attraverso l’Università di Praga, dove ricercatori intravedono un potenziale nell’applicazione di DART-MS al settore agroalimentare. Col tempo DART-MS ha avuto modo di farsi conoscere, rappresentando oggigiorno un approccio analitico utilizzato per la caratterizzazione metabolomica dei campioni alimentari in funzione della loro qualità chimica, sicurezza, origine e autenticazione. La metabolomica, branca delle scienze omiche, si prefigge lo scopo di fornire una misura quali-quantitativa dei metaboliti presenti in una cellula, un tessuto, un organo o in un organismo. Per facilitare le abilità di riconoscimento del metodo vengono impiegati pattern statistici in grado di aiutare gli addetti ai lavori a discriminare e individuare correttamente diverse classi di prodotti, caratterizzate dai profili metabolici. L’impiego di modelli statistici conferisce così un’elevata efficienza alle performance del metodo, che mediante l’analisi multivariata dei componenti descrive in maniera univoca le caratteristiche dell’oggetto in esame. In virtù delle possibilità offerte dalle scienze omiche, DART-MS offre come vantaggio la possibilità di eseguire analisi senza che venga designato un metabolita target da misurare. Eseguendo una descrizione completa dei metaboliti disponibili per l’analisi, la tecnica DART-MS riesce a risalire alla presenza di composti non noti, favorendo l’efficienza delle attività diagnostiche nel riconoscimento di sostanze ignote la cui presenza potrebbe non essere gradita. Questa nuova generazione di ion source impiegata per la ionizzazione di piccole molecole in condizioni ambientali risulta adattabile a numerosi spettrometri di massa consentendo l’analisi di campioni in breve tempo mediante metodiche di preparazione quasi nulle o tramite metodi di preparazione rapidi e superficiali. Le evidenze scientifiche che promuovono la sua applicazione fanno ben sperare per la sua futura introduzione nelle analisi routinarie. I principali vantaggi di DART-MS per l'analisi degli alimenti includono un’elevata sensibilità e specificità e un aumento dell’efficienza del laboratorio, tramite la praticità e l'eliminazione delle tediose preparazioni di campioni e solventi.
Analisi degli alimenti mediante approccio non-target: applicazione di Direct Analysis in Real Time associata alla spettrometria di massa (DART-MS)
PELLEGRINI, DAVIDE GIOVANNI
2021/2022
Abstract
Direct analysis in real-time (DART) was patented in April 2003. The first public presentation takes place only a few years later at the ASMS Sanibel conference in January 2005. After a soft pedal start, DART arrives in Europe through the University of Prague, where researchers found a potential in applying DART, coupled to mass spectrometry, to the agri-food sector. Nowadays DART-MS methods are a well-known technique, representing a powerful analytical approach to the metabolomic characterization of food samples employed in chemical quality, safety, origin and authentication. Metabolomics, a branch of omics sciences, aims to provide a qualitative-quantitative measure of the metabolites that are present either in a cell, a tissue, an organ or an organism. To facilitate the recognition skills, statistical patterns are employed to guarantee a correct identification between different classes of products, which are discriminated by metabolic profiles. Through statistical approach, using multivariate analysis of the components the method employed obtains a great efficiency, describing the characteristics of the object under examination uniquely. By virtue of the possibilities offered by the omics sciences, DART-MS has the advantage of being able to perform analyses without looking for a specific target analytes. Carrying out a description of the substrate, DART-MS is able to trace the presence of unknown compounds, favoring the efficiency of the diagnostic activities in the recognition of unknown substances whose presence may not be appreciated. This new generation ion source, applied to the ionization of small molecules in environmental conditions, is adaptable to numerous mass spectrometers (MS), allowing the analysis of samples in a very short time. The main advantages of DART-MS for food analysis include: high sensitivity, specificity and an increase in laboratory efficiency due to the streamlining done in part by removing the need to prepare samples and solvent. Scientific consensus encourages a future introduction of DART-MS in routine analyzes in laboratories all over the world.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/29626