As a result of the uncontrolled increase of greenhouse gases in the last decades, specifically due to anthropogenic activities, the Planet is getting closer to an unprecedented global warming. To prevent this phenomenon many international deals are in place among countries with the specific purposes of reducing emissions and decarbonization, through the passage from coal produced energy (with the release of CO2) to energy obtained by means of renewable sources. The aim of this research is to give an overview on the climatic emergency and the possible sustainable solutions. Among them, the employment of the agrivoltaic technology has been analysed. This is a system composed of photovoltaic panels installed on agricultural fields that enables the coexistence between the agricultural activities and the production of green energy. Moreover, this study focusses on the citizens choices about the trade-off for the generation of sustainable energy in spite of the landscape quality, diminished by the agrivoltaic system. Looking at the dissertation structure, firstly, an insight about the global warming causes and its consequent effects can be found. Secondly, the solutions offered by international politics, concerning a collaboration for a shared aim, are discussed. The topic has been mainly investigated from a political perspective with the main international, european and national deals (the Kyoto protocol, Green Deal and PNIEC, respectively), highlighting their final purposes. The document continues with a section dedicated to the main renewable sources and their employment. Specifically, the agrivoltaic technology has been explored with a detailed analysis on the system itself, the current global and national diffusion, the different types of systems, the agrivoltaic pros and cons and the opinion of the main environmental organizations. In the last part a questionnaire, which is the core of the research, was carried out. The data collected were subsequently analysed, observing the citizens preferences on the landscape impact caused by the agrivoltaic systems, in the light of the necessity to generate energy with zero emissions. Considering the results obtained, the respondents have shown a good knowledge of the environmental problem in question. The agrivoltaic technology seems to be accepted in hilly landscapes, fields and orchards, although it is less appreciated in breeding and low crops contexts. In conclusion, it can be considered a promising alternative which can contribute to the achievement of a shared purpose, by means of an integrated combination of solutions.
In seguito all’aumento incontrollato di emissioni di gas serra degli ultimi decenni, dovuto principalmente ad attività antropogeniche, il Pianeta sta andando incontro ad un riscaldamento climatico senza precedenti. Per contrastare questo fenomeno sono in atto diversi accordi internazionali tra stati con obiettivi precisi di riduzione di emissioni e decarbonizzazione, ovvero il passaggio dalla produzione di energia tramite l’utilizzo di carbone (con produzione di CO2) a energia prodotta da fonti rinnovabili. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è quello di inquadrare l’emergenza climatica e le possibili soluzioni sostenibili. In particolare si è approfondito l’utilizzo dell’agrivoltaico, ovvero un impianto che prevede l’installazione di pannelli fotovoltaici nei campi destinati alla coltivazione, con una coesistenza tra le attività agricole e la produzione di energia pulita. Lo studio si concentra sulle scelte dei cittadini in merito al trade-off in termini di impatto paesaggistico degli impianti agrivoltaici, a fronte di un guadagno di energia da fonti rinnovabili. Nella prima parte troviamo un approfondimento sulle cause del riscaldamento climatico e, in particolare, sugli effetti che esso provoca. In seguito si parla di soluzioni di politica internazionali, ovvero della collaborazione tra stati per un obiettivo comune. L’argomento è sviluppato dapprima da un punto di vista economico tramite la teoria dei giochi (Equilibrio di Nash), poi da un punto di vista politico con i principali accordi internazionali (Protocollo di Kyoto), europei (Green Deal) e nazionali (PNIEC) evidenziando gli obiettivi e i propositi che essi si pongono. Il documento prosegue con una parte dedicata alle principali fonti rinnovabili e al loro utilizzo. Nel dettaglio si è approfondita la soluzione dell’agrivoltaico, con una dettagliata analisi su: modalità di utilizzo, diffusione attuale a livello mondiale e nazionale, diverse tipologie di impianti, argomenti a favore e a sfavore dell’agrivoltaico e opinione dei principali enti ambientali. Infine troviamo l’attività principale della ricerca, ovvero un questionario con raccolta dati e successiva analisi delle risposte ottenute, in particolare osservando le preferenze dei cittadini riguardo all’impatto paesaggistico dato dagli impianti, a fronte della necessità di produrre energia senza emissioni.
L'agrivoltaico quale nuova soluzione energetica sostenibile: un inquadramento di questa nuova tecnologia e l'analisi delle opinioni dei cittadini sul suo impatto paesaggistico.
BORTOLATO, GABRIEL
2021/2022
Abstract
As a result of the uncontrolled increase of greenhouse gases in the last decades, specifically due to anthropogenic activities, the Planet is getting closer to an unprecedented global warming. To prevent this phenomenon many international deals are in place among countries with the specific purposes of reducing emissions and decarbonization, through the passage from coal produced energy (with the release of CO2) to energy obtained by means of renewable sources. The aim of this research is to give an overview on the climatic emergency and the possible sustainable solutions. Among them, the employment of the agrivoltaic technology has been analysed. This is a system composed of photovoltaic panels installed on agricultural fields that enables the coexistence between the agricultural activities and the production of green energy. Moreover, this study focusses on the citizens choices about the trade-off for the generation of sustainable energy in spite of the landscape quality, diminished by the agrivoltaic system. Looking at the dissertation structure, firstly, an insight about the global warming causes and its consequent effects can be found. Secondly, the solutions offered by international politics, concerning a collaboration for a shared aim, are discussed. The topic has been mainly investigated from a political perspective with the main international, european and national deals (the Kyoto protocol, Green Deal and PNIEC, respectively), highlighting their final purposes. The document continues with a section dedicated to the main renewable sources and their employment. Specifically, the agrivoltaic technology has been explored with a detailed analysis on the system itself, the current global and national diffusion, the different types of systems, the agrivoltaic pros and cons and the opinion of the main environmental organizations. In the last part a questionnaire, which is the core of the research, was carried out. The data collected were subsequently analysed, observing the citizens preferences on the landscape impact caused by the agrivoltaic systems, in the light of the necessity to generate energy with zero emissions. Considering the results obtained, the respondents have shown a good knowledge of the environmental problem in question. The agrivoltaic technology seems to be accepted in hilly landscapes, fields and orchards, although it is less appreciated in breeding and low crops contexts. In conclusion, it can be considered a promising alternative which can contribute to the achievement of a shared purpose, by means of an integrated combination of solutions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/35394