Environmental contamination due to small plastic debris, microplastics, represents a global problem because of the direct impact that these pollutants have in the environment, as well as their potential effects on human health. The spread of these pollutants can occur by land, by sea and by air. Their rise along the food chain is therefore virtually inevitable. Microplastics have been found in Antarctica, inside the stomachs of fish, and in the internal organs of humans, including in human placentas. It is therefore of fundamental importance to have analytical and instrumental methodologies suitable for detecting microplastics within the various matrices where these may be present. This last aspect, or the matrix, poses challenges in the field of sample preparation. In fact, in the case of particularly complex samples, such as the tissues and organs of organisms, there are few references in the literature that describe matrix digestion protocols and, at the same time, that allow to keep the microplastics unaltered. The purpose of this thesis, which I developed as a guest of the Nanostructures and Optics Laboratory group in the period of May 2022, is to identify a methodology that allows the complete digestion of a sample of red meat in which microplastics of various kinds are dispersed, without that the latter are damaged. Micro-Raman spectroscopy will be used for the detection and characterization of microplastics.
La contaminazione ambientale dovuta a piccoli detriti di plastica, le microplastiche, rappresenta un problema globale a causa del diretto impatto che questi inquinanti hanno nell’ambiente, nonché per i loro potenziali effetti anche sulla salute umana. La diffusione di questi inquinanti può avvenire via terra, via mare e via aerea. La loro ascesa lungo la catena alimentare è quindi praticamente inevitabile. Sono state ritrovate microplastiche in Antartide, all’interno di stomaci di pesci, e negli organi interni dell’uomo, comprese anche nelle placente umane. Risulta quindi di fondamentale importanza poter disporre di metodologie analitiche e strumentali adatte al rilevamento delle microplastiche all’interno delle varie matrici ove queste possono essere presenti. Quest’ultimo aspetto, ovvero la matrice, pone particolari sfide in ambito di preparativa del campione. Infatti, in caso di campioni particolarmente complessi, come ad esempio i tessuti ed organi di organismi superiori, esistono pochi riferimenti in letteratura che descrivono protocolli di digestione della matrice e, allo stesso tempo, che permettano di mantenere inalterate le microplastiche. Lo scopo di questa tesi, che ho sviluppato ospite del gruppo Nanostructures and Optics Laboratory nel periodo di maggio 2022, è quello di individuare una metodologia che permetta la completa digestione di un campione di carne rossa al cui interno sono disperse microplastiche di varia natura, senza che queste ultime vengano danneggiate. Per la rilevazione e caratterizzazione delle microplastiche verrà utilizzata la spettroscopia micro-Raman.
Studio delle condizioni di digestione di campioni biologici per analisi micro-Raman di microplastiche
CASTAGNA, MATILDE
2021/2022
Abstract
Environmental contamination due to small plastic debris, microplastics, represents a global problem because of the direct impact that these pollutants have in the environment, as well as their potential effects on human health. The spread of these pollutants can occur by land, by sea and by air. Their rise along the food chain is therefore virtually inevitable. Microplastics have been found in Antarctica, inside the stomachs of fish, and in the internal organs of humans, including in human placentas. It is therefore of fundamental importance to have analytical and instrumental methodologies suitable for detecting microplastics within the various matrices where these may be present. This last aspect, or the matrix, poses challenges in the field of sample preparation. In fact, in the case of particularly complex samples, such as the tissues and organs of organisms, there are few references in the literature that describe matrix digestion protocols and, at the same time, that allow to keep the microplastics unaltered. The purpose of this thesis, which I developed as a guest of the Nanostructures and Optics Laboratory group in the period of May 2022, is to identify a methodology that allows the complete digestion of a sample of red meat in which microplastics of various kinds are dispersed, without that the latter are damaged. Micro-Raman spectroscopy will be used for the detection and characterization of microplastics.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/35447