Background and purpose: Cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a condition that can present with a multitude of motor and non-motor symptoms (posture and gait alterations, tremor, muscle tone changes, dysmetria, oculomotor deficits, cognitive and mental disorders) and that goes on to significantly affect the patient's autonomy in activities of daily living (ADLs) and exposes him or her to a high risk of falling. Rehabilitation has always been a cardinal point in the care of patients with CA and offers a wide variety of treatment types. The purpose of this study is to report which of these treatments are available and which are being developed/experimented in light of the current ongoing evolution in the knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms underlying cerebellar functioning and pathology, as well as the processes of neuroplasticity and motor learning. Materials and methods: Following the presentation of the guidelines in the literature and the latest scientific evidence in the field of neurophysiology of the cerebellum and cerebellar ataxia, the clinical case of a cerebellar ischemic stroke patient presenting with significant ataxic symptomatology was described. The tests and functional trials performed at initial evaluation were then repeated at final re-evaluation and the results were compared. The patient had four sessions of one and a half to two hours and was treated according to the principles of the Model of Bobath Clinical Practice (MBCP). Results: At the end of the treatment cycle, there were significant qualitative improvements in postural stance and base of support symmetry, corresponding in addition to a quantitative improvement in the results of the tests administered. This was reflected in increased capacity in performing simple ADLs and a slightly more confident gait, although difficulties remained evident. Conclusions: Although this is a single case report, the improvements seen in the span of so few sessions in a chronic ataxic patient demonstrate how a rehabilitation treatment based on the principles of the Bobath concept can positively influence the recovery process in this disorder and should therefore be considered.
Introduzione e scopo: L’atassia cerebellare (CA) è una patologia che si può presentare con una moltitudine di sintomi motori e non motori (alterazioni di postura e cammino, tremore, alterazioni del tono muscolare, dismetria, deficit oculomotori, disturbi cognitivi e psichici) e che va ad inficiare in maniera importante l’autonomia del paziente nelle attività della vita quotidiana (ADL) e lo espone ad un elevato rischio di caduta. La riabilitazione è da sempre un punto cardinale nella presa in carico dei pazienti affetti da CA e offre una grande varietà di tipologie di trattamento. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di riportare quali sono questi trattamenti e quali sono in via di sviluppo/sperimentazione alla luce dell’attuale evoluzione in corso nella conoscenza e comprensione dei meccanismi che stanno alla base del funzionamento e della patologia cerebellare, nonché dei processi di neuroplasticità e apprendimento motorio. Materiali e metodi: Successivamente alla presentazione delle linee guida presenti in letteratura e delle più recenti evidenze scientifiche nell’ambito della neurofisiologia del cervelletto e dell’atassia cerebellare, è stato descritto il caso clinico di un paziente colpito da ictus ischemico cerebrale e cerebellare, presentante un’importante sintomatologia atassica. I test e le prove funzionali svolti in fase di valutazione iniziale sono poi stati ripetuti alla rivalutazione finale e i risultati messi a confronto. Il paziente ha svolto quattro sedute di un’ora e mezza o due ed è stato trattato secondo i principi del modello di pratica clinica Bobath (MBCP). Risultati: Al termine del ciclo di trattamento sono stati riscontrati notevoli miglioramenti qualitativi nell’atteggiamento posturale e nella simmetria della base di appoggio, corrispondenti inoltre ad un miglioramento quantitativo nei risultati dei test somministrati. Ciò si è riflesso in un incremento delle capacità nello svolgimento di semplici ADL e in un cammino leggermente più sicuro, sebbene le difficoltà restino evidenti. Conclusioni: Nonostante si tratti di un unico caso clinico, i miglioramenti riscontrati nell’arco di così poche sedute in un paziente atassico cronico dimostrano come un trattamento riabilitativo basato sui principi del concetto Bobath possa influire positivamente nel processo di recupero in tale patologia e debba quindi essere preso in considerazione.
Il trattamento dell'atassia cerebellare: una sfida riabilitativa. Studio di un caso clinico
SQUARCINA, REBECCA
2021/2022
Abstract
Background and purpose: Cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a condition that can present with a multitude of motor and non-motor symptoms (posture and gait alterations, tremor, muscle tone changes, dysmetria, oculomotor deficits, cognitive and mental disorders) and that goes on to significantly affect the patient's autonomy in activities of daily living (ADLs) and exposes him or her to a high risk of falling. Rehabilitation has always been a cardinal point in the care of patients with CA and offers a wide variety of treatment types. The purpose of this study is to report which of these treatments are available and which are being developed/experimented in light of the current ongoing evolution in the knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms underlying cerebellar functioning and pathology, as well as the processes of neuroplasticity and motor learning. Materials and methods: Following the presentation of the guidelines in the literature and the latest scientific evidence in the field of neurophysiology of the cerebellum and cerebellar ataxia, the clinical case of a cerebellar ischemic stroke patient presenting with significant ataxic symptomatology was described. The tests and functional trials performed at initial evaluation were then repeated at final re-evaluation and the results were compared. The patient had four sessions of one and a half to two hours and was treated according to the principles of the Model of Bobath Clinical Practice (MBCP). Results: At the end of the treatment cycle, there were significant qualitative improvements in postural stance and base of support symmetry, corresponding in addition to a quantitative improvement in the results of the tests administered. This was reflected in increased capacity in performing simple ADLs and a slightly more confident gait, although difficulties remained evident. Conclusions: Although this is a single case report, the improvements seen in the span of so few sessions in a chronic ataxic patient demonstrate how a rehabilitation treatment based on the principles of the Bobath concept can positively influence the recovery process in this disorder and should therefore be considered.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/38701