Since the middle of the last century, the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers and plant protection products has led to a general and progressive degradation of the agro-ecosystem and the environment. It is, therefore, necessary to look for sustainable solutions that can virtuously integrate with chemical products, increasing their efficiency of use and consequently reducing the quantity used. In this regard, humic substances, thanks to properties acquired during the transformation process of organic residues, induce morphological and physiological modifications in the plant that result in better absorption and assimilation of nutrients and a more effective capacity of defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. The complex conformational structure, which is stable and recalcitrant to degradation, improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increases the biodiversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere, and reduces the leaching of many xenobiotic molecules normally used in agriculture into the groundwater. Therefore, humic substances represent a necessary step towards the transition to a sustainable agriculture able to safeguard environmental health and increase the productivity of crops.
A partire dalla metà del secolo scorso, l’uso eccesivo di fertilizzanti e fitosanitari di sintesi ha comportato una generale e progressiva degradazione dell’agroecosistema e dell’ambiente. È pertanto necessario cercare delle soluzioni sostenibili che possano virtuosamente integrarsi con i prodotti chimici, aumentandone l’efficienza d’uso e riducendone di conseguenza la quantità impiegata. A tal proposito, le sostanze umiche, derivate dal processo di trasformazione chimica e biologica (umificazione) dei residui organici, inducono cambiamenti morfologici e fisiologici nella pianta che si concretizzano in un migliore assorbimento e assimilazione dei nutrienti e in una più efficacie capacità di difesa da stress biotici e abiotici. La complessa struttura conformazionale, stabile e recalcitrante alla degradazione, consente di migliorare le proprietà fisico-chimiche del suolo, di incrementare la biodiversità delle comunità batteriche presenti nella rizosfera e di ridurre la percolazione verso la falda di molte molecole xenobiotiche normalmente utilizzate in agricoltura. Pertanto, l’impiego di sostanze umiche rappresenta una valida strategia verso la transizione a un’agricoltura sostenibile in grado di salvaguardare la salute ambientale e di incrementare la produttività delle piante agrarie.
Agricoltura sostenibile attraverso le sostanze umiche
CAPPELLOTTO, ALESSANDRO
2022/2023
Abstract
Since the middle of the last century, the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers and plant protection products has led to a general and progressive degradation of the agro-ecosystem and the environment. It is, therefore, necessary to look for sustainable solutions that can virtuously integrate with chemical products, increasing their efficiency of use and consequently reducing the quantity used. In this regard, humic substances, thanks to properties acquired during the transformation process of organic residues, induce morphological and physiological modifications in the plant that result in better absorption and assimilation of nutrients and a more effective capacity of defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. The complex conformational structure, which is stable and recalcitrant to degradation, improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increases the biodiversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere, and reduces the leaching of many xenobiotic molecules normally used in agriculture into the groundwater. Therefore, humic substances represent a necessary step towards the transition to a sustainable agriculture able to safeguard environmental health and increase the productivity of crops.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/49102