The current expansion rate of the universe is parameterized by the Hubble constant. This quantity can be measured either ”locally”, from the redshift-distance measurements of events in the late universe (such as supernovae) or “globally”, from the integrated cosmological history that can be inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation data. These two methods lead to different results at approximately the 5 sigma level. The goal of the thesis is to review the theoretical framework and the physical quantities at the basis of the two measurements. Concerning the local measurement, we review the standard cosmological model and the concept of luminosity distance and redshift used in the so called Hubble diagrams. Concerning the global measurement, we study how cosmological perturbations are generated during inflation, how they imprint the CMB anisotropies, and how the CMB can be used to infer cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant.
L’attuale velocità di espansione dell’universo è parametrizzata dalla costante di Hubble. Questa quantità può essere determinata sia “localmente”, attraverso misurazioni di redshift e distanza di eventi nell’universo recente (come le supernove), sia “globalmente”, dalla storia del modello cosmologico che si può dedurre dai dati della radiazione cosmica di fondo (CMB). Questi due metodi conducono a risultati diversi di circa 5 sigma. L’obbiettivo di questa tesi è quello di studiare i principi teorici e le quantità fisiche alla base delle due misurazioni. Riguardo la misura locale, esaminiamo il modello cosmologico standard e i concetti di distanza e di redshift usati nel diagramma di Hubble. Riguardo la misura globale, studiamo come le perturbazioni cosmologiche si sono generate durante l’inflazione, come esse si manifestano nelle anisotropie della CMB e come la CMB può essere usata per dedurre i parametri cosmologici, tra cui la costante di Hubble.
Il modello cosmologico standard e la tensione di Hubble
BARBON, MATTEO
2022/2023
Abstract
The current expansion rate of the universe is parameterized by the Hubble constant. This quantity can be measured either ”locally”, from the redshift-distance measurements of events in the late universe (such as supernovae) or “globally”, from the integrated cosmological history that can be inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation data. These two methods lead to different results at approximately the 5 sigma level. The goal of the thesis is to review the theoretical framework and the physical quantities at the basis of the two measurements. Concerning the local measurement, we review the standard cosmological model and the concept of luminosity distance and redshift used in the so called Hubble diagrams. Concerning the global measurement, we study how cosmological perturbations are generated during inflation, how they imprint the CMB anisotropies, and how the CMB can be used to infer cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/52202