Aquaculture has become an important source of fish stocks in the last decade, reaching and surpassing that derived from fisheries with 49.2 percent of the total in 2020. Globally, the largest producers are China and other countries in Asia but a decisive increase is also being seen for the European and African sectors. In addition to reducing the exploitation of wild marine species , aquaculture also helps to improve the social status of the people employed in that field and reduce economic and social inequalities in developing countries. When talking about aquaculture, however, it is necessary to specify the different farming methods, which vary not only in the species raised but also according to the environmental characteristics in which they are implemented. The most common aquaculture methods are open , semi-open such as Raseways or closed such as RAS systems. All these innovations to reduce environmental impact has also led to laws and regulations for organic aquaculture , which benefits not only the consumer but also the environment. An essential step towards the homogenization of different standards was made during the IFOAM Assembly Basic Standards for organic aquaculture were approved. In Italy it is the MiPAAF that is in charge of regulating the organic sector .For the moment in organic aquaculture only extensive or semi-extensive farming with open or semi-open methods are included while RAS are not included just as aquaponics both freshwater and saltwater cannot be integrated in organic methods . Precisely the latter is showing excellent results on the implementation of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) methods consisting of simultaneous rearing of different species of both plant and animal to reduce the impact of waste nutrients. Aquaponics has the principle of integrating fish farming with the cultivation of plants of a commercial nature that absorb the nitrogenous substances produced by fish that would otherwise be lost or released into the soil. The goal is to improve the consumer's view on this and ,with more and more studies, to find more and more sustainable solutions for the growth of both the plants and the fish being raised.
L’acquacoltura è diventata nell’ultimo decennio una fonte importante di stock ittico che, nel 2020 ha raggiunto e superato quello derivato dalla pesca con un 49,2% del totale. A livello mondiale i maggiori produttori sono Cina e altri paese dell’asia ma si sta vedendo un decisivo aumento anche per il comparto Europeo e Africano. L’acquacoltura oltre a ridurre lo sfruttamento delle specie marine selvatiche , aiuta anche a migliorare lo stato sociale della popolazione impiegata in quel campo e a ridurre le disuguaglianze economiche e sociali dei paesi in via di sviluppo. Quando si parla di acquacoltura però bisogna specificare i diversi metodi di allevamento che variano non solo per le specie allevate ma anche in base alle caratteristiche ambientali in cui si attuano.I metodi di acquacoltura più diffusi sono quelli di tipo aperto , semi aperto come i Raseway o chiuso come i sistemi RAS. Tutte queste innovazioni per ridurre l’impatto ambientale ha portato anche a leggi e regolamenti per un acquacoltura biologica , che favorisca non solo il consumatore ma anche l’ambiente. Un passo avanti essenziale verso l’omogeneizzazione dei diversi standard è stato fatto durante l’Assemblea dell’IFOAM sono stati approvati i Basic Standard per l’acquacoltura biologica. In Italia è il MiPAAF che si occupa di regolamentare il comparto biologico .Per il momento nell’acquacoltura biologica fanno parte solo allevamenti estensivi o semi estensivi con metodo aperto o semi aperto mentre i RAS non sono inclusi come non può essere integrata nei metodi biologici l’acquaponica sia di acqua dolce che salata. Proprio quest’ultima sta dando ottimi risultati sull’attuazione di metodi di acquacoltura integrata multi-trofica (IMTA) che consistono nell’allevamento simultaneo di diverse specie sia vegetali che animali per ridurre l’impatto dei nutrienti di scarto. L’acquaponica ha il principio di integra all’ allevamento ittico la coltivazione di piante di carattere commerciale che vanno ad assorbile le sostanze azotate prodotte dai pesci che, altrimenti, verrebbero perse o rilasciate nel suolo. L’obbiettivo è migliorare la visione del consumatore a riguardo e ,con sempre più studi, trovare soluzioni sempre più sostenibili per la crescita sia delle piante che dei pesci allevati.
Acquacoltura : Nuove soluzioni per una maggiore sostenibilità del settore
PELI, SANDRA
2022/2023
Abstract
Aquaculture has become an important source of fish stocks in the last decade, reaching and surpassing that derived from fisheries with 49.2 percent of the total in 2020. Globally, the largest producers are China and other countries in Asia but a decisive increase is also being seen for the European and African sectors. In addition to reducing the exploitation of wild marine species , aquaculture also helps to improve the social status of the people employed in that field and reduce economic and social inequalities in developing countries. When talking about aquaculture, however, it is necessary to specify the different farming methods, which vary not only in the species raised but also according to the environmental characteristics in which they are implemented. The most common aquaculture methods are open , semi-open such as Raseways or closed such as RAS systems. All these innovations to reduce environmental impact has also led to laws and regulations for organic aquaculture , which benefits not only the consumer but also the environment. An essential step towards the homogenization of different standards was made during the IFOAM Assembly Basic Standards for organic aquaculture were approved. In Italy it is the MiPAAF that is in charge of regulating the organic sector .For the moment in organic aquaculture only extensive or semi-extensive farming with open or semi-open methods are included while RAS are not included just as aquaponics both freshwater and saltwater cannot be integrated in organic methods . Precisely the latter is showing excellent results on the implementation of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) methods consisting of simultaneous rearing of different species of both plant and animal to reduce the impact of waste nutrients. Aquaponics has the principle of integrating fish farming with the cultivation of plants of a commercial nature that absorb the nitrogenous substances produced by fish that would otherwise be lost or released into the soil. The goal is to improve the consumer's view on this and ,with more and more studies, to find more and more sustainable solutions for the growth of both the plants and the fish being raised.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/54055