Pascalization (HPP) is a non-thermal technique that allows to inactivate pathogens and other spoilage microorganisms, subjecting foods to pressures much higher than atmospheric pressure, from 450 to 600 MPa at refrigeration temperature or at 45°C. It has minimal effects on the sensory properties and nutritional aspects of foods. This method allows the processing of both liquid and solid foods of different kinds: from pre-packaged juices to fishery products, other than RTE (ready-to-eat) foods. Pascalization is not suitable for treating products with a water content below 40%. We indicate this treatment with the HPP (High Pressure Processing) abbreviation, but we also relate to it with the abbreviations: UHP (Ultra-High-Pressure Processing) when referring to high pressures and HHP (High- Hydrostatic Pressure Processing) when referring to the fact that a liquid, typically water, is used to exert the high pressures. Based on the examined documentation, the use of HPP on various kinds of products, when applied with proper pressure and timing, allows to reduce several pathogenic microorganisms and to extend the shelf-life of the product. The efficacy of this treatment is not always comparable to that of pasteurization process; it depends on the kind of product. Such as in milk or particularly aerated foods, like bread, since there is no adequate transmission of pressure and therefore does not comply with legal requirements for microbial reduction, even if it is implemented with the highest parameters currently used in food factories, 700 MPa for 6 minutes. However, HHP can be applied, establishing minimum P (Pressure)/t (time) parameters, to obtain specific log10 reductions of the main pathogens. Pascalization is not specifically regulated in the European Union, but it falls within the "processes" defined by Reg (EC) 852/2004. Therefore, the normal principles of traceability and labelling are applied to the process, in addition to those of good hygiene practices (GHP) and procedures based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the Pascalization, taking in account the supporting scientific documentation, to explain the functioning of the systems, evaluate the safety of the treatment and the effects on food, and at last evaluate any potential developments trying to understand its applicability and diffusion in the food sector.
La Pascalizzazione (HPP) è una tecnica non termica che permette di inattivare patogeni ed altri microrganismi alteranti, sottoponendo gli alimenti a pressioni di molto superiori a quella atmosferica, da 450 fino a 600 MPa a temperatura di refrigerazione o a 45°C. Ha degli effetti minimi sugli aspetti organolettici e nutrizionali degli alimenti. È un processo che permette di trattare alimenti sia liquidi che solidi e di generi differenti: dai succhi preconfezionati fino ai prodotti della pesca, passando per gli alimenti ready to eat. La pascalizzazione non è adatta al trattamento di prodotti con un contenuto di acqua inferiore al 40%. Si fa riferimento a questo trattamento con appunto la sigla HPP (High Pressure Processing), ma ci si riferisce sempre allo stesso processo anche con le sigle: UHP (Ultra-High Pressure Processing) quando si fa riferimento alle elevate pressioni ed HHP (High-Hydrostatic Pressure Processing) quando si fa riferimento al fatto che per esercitare le elevate pressioni viene utilizzato un liquido, tipicamente acqua. Dalla documentazione presa in analisi si evince che l’utilizzo dell’HPP su prodotti di varia natura, se applicata con pressione e tempistiche opportune, permette di abbattere diversi microrganismi patogeni e di allungare la shelf-life del prodotto. Non in tutti gli alimenti tale trattamento ha un'efficacia paragonabile a quella della pastorizzazione, come ad esempio nel latte o negli alimenti particolarmente areati, come il pane, poiché non si ha un adeguata trasmissione della pressione e pertanto non rispetta i requisiti di legge per la riduzione microbica, neppure se applicata con i parametri, ad oggi, più elevati nell’industria alimentare, ovvero 700 MPa per 6 minuti. L’HHP può però essere utilizzata, stabilendo dei parametri P (Pressione)/t (tempo) minimi, per ottenere riduzioni log10 specifiche dei principali patogeni. La Pascalizzazione non è specificatamente regolamentata in Unione Europea, ma rientra tra quelli che vengono definiti “processi” nel Reg (CE) 852/2004. Pertanto, al processo vengono applicati i normali principi di tracciabilità ed etichettatura, oltre a quelli delle buone pratiche d’igiene (GHP) e alle procedure basate sull’Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di analizzare la Pascalizzazione, analizzando la documentazione scientifica a supporto, così da spiegare il funzionamento degli impianti, valutare la sicurezza del trattamento e gli effetti sugli alimenti; ed in fine di considerare i potenziali sviluppi futuri cercando di comprenderne applicabilità e diffusione nel settore alimentare.
La Pascalizzazione: un'alternativa ai trattamenti termici convenzionali
RIZZO, TOMMASO
2022/2023
Abstract
Pascalization (HPP) is a non-thermal technique that allows to inactivate pathogens and other spoilage microorganisms, subjecting foods to pressures much higher than atmospheric pressure, from 450 to 600 MPa at refrigeration temperature or at 45°C. It has minimal effects on the sensory properties and nutritional aspects of foods. This method allows the processing of both liquid and solid foods of different kinds: from pre-packaged juices to fishery products, other than RTE (ready-to-eat) foods. Pascalization is not suitable for treating products with a water content below 40%. We indicate this treatment with the HPP (High Pressure Processing) abbreviation, but we also relate to it with the abbreviations: UHP (Ultra-High-Pressure Processing) when referring to high pressures and HHP (High- Hydrostatic Pressure Processing) when referring to the fact that a liquid, typically water, is used to exert the high pressures. Based on the examined documentation, the use of HPP on various kinds of products, when applied with proper pressure and timing, allows to reduce several pathogenic microorganisms and to extend the shelf-life of the product. The efficacy of this treatment is not always comparable to that of pasteurization process; it depends on the kind of product. Such as in milk or particularly aerated foods, like bread, since there is no adequate transmission of pressure and therefore does not comply with legal requirements for microbial reduction, even if it is implemented with the highest parameters currently used in food factories, 700 MPa for 6 minutes. However, HHP can be applied, establishing minimum P (Pressure)/t (time) parameters, to obtain specific log10 reductions of the main pathogens. Pascalization is not specifically regulated in the European Union, but it falls within the "processes" defined by Reg (EC) 852/2004. Therefore, the normal principles of traceability and labelling are applied to the process, in addition to those of good hygiene practices (GHP) and procedures based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the Pascalization, taking in account the supporting scientific documentation, to explain the functioning of the systems, evaluate the safety of the treatment and the effects on food, and at last evaluate any potential developments trying to understand its applicability and diffusion in the food sector.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56170