Background: approximately 30 percent of women suffer from postpartum abdominal diastasis, a dysfunction of the abdominal wall in which there is deterioration of qualitative tissue of the linea alba, and an increase in the distance between the two rectus muscles of the abdomen. Patients suffering from this condition may present with symptoms which include: abdominal bloating, digestive and respiratory distress, deficits in abdominal muscle recruitment and trunk stabilization, low back pain, potential umbilical or gastric herniation, and often struggle psychologically with an altered body image. These symptoms, as well as aesthetic concerns, significantly affect a patient’s quality of life. Patients can consider surgery in those cases which are most severe, but for all other women, along with the health professionals caring for, and treating those women with postpartum diastasis, they have to contend with an underestimated pathology. Even now, opportunities for physiotherapists to perform conservative interventions are not promoted as often as they should be within healthcare. Currently, no international recommendations are in place regarding the health, care, and management of postpartum abdominal diastasis. Aim: the aim of this thesis paper is to define the role of the physiotherapist in treatment of postpartum abdominal diastasis and to identify those physiotherapy interventions which are most effective and appropriate when caring for patients with this clinical condition. Material and methods: the method of investigation used in this thesis is narrative literature review. Two databases were consulted for the search: Pubmed and PEDro, and the Proxy service provided by the University of Padua was used to access the full text reading of the articles. Primary studies published in English in the last ten years were considered. Seventeen articles were included, which highlighted which physiotherapy treatments are most effective for the rehabilitation of patients with postpartum rectus abdominis diastasis. Results and Discussion: the physiotherapy treatment that has been found to be most effective in improving postpartum abdominal diastasis is the therapeutic exercise focused on activating the abdominal muscles, especially the deep muscles. Education of the patient on the correct execution of exercises and daily gestures is essential. The literature review also revealed that exercise combined with the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and abdominal supplements, such as the abdominal corset or Tubigrip, has a positive impact on abdominal rectus diastasis. According to some authors, the use of hypopressive exercise, visceral manipulation, tape and physical therapies promote a reduction in abdominal diastasis. The role of the physiotherapist is to assess the rehabilitation needs of the patient with abdominal rectus diastasis and propose physiotherapy treatments supported by the best evidence in order to successfully achieve the patient's greatest health status. Conclusions: the role of the physiotherapist is crucial in the rehabilitation pathway of women with distasis of the rectus abdominis. His task is to assess, educate and rehabilitate, developping treatment programs tailored to each patient's specific physical needs and abilities. The most recent literature defines what are the most appropriate and effective interventions that the physical therapist can implement in order to successfully achieve the best health status of the patient with abdominal diastasis. In the future, the multidisciplinary care for the management of this widespread pathological condition, in which the physiotherapist plays a key role, the funtion of the physiotherapist in the prevention of this condition, the long-term effects of physiotherapy and the treatment of abdominal diastasis in men will need to be further investigated.
Background: circa il 30% delle donne soffre di diastasi addominale post-partum, la quale consiste in una condizione della parete addominale caratterizzata da un deterioramento qualitativo tessutale della linea alba e un aumento della distanza tra i due muscoli retti dell’addome. Le pazienti che soffrono di questa condizione presentano diversi sintomi fisici e, spesso, un forte senso di disagio nella percezione estetica del proprio corpo. Per tutti questi aspetti, e non soltanto per la questione estetica, la qualità della vita delle pazienti è fortemente compromessa. Nei casi più gravi trova indicazione la chirurgia, in tutti gli altri casi le donne, assieme ai professionisti sanitari, devono affrontare una patologia sottovalutata e sottostimata. Ancora oggi, nel mondo sanitario non si promuove quanto si dovrebbe la possibilità di un intervento conservativo svolto da parte del fisioterapista. Tanto è vero che, attualmente, non esistono delle linee guida internazionali che forniscano delle raccomandazioni cliniche per la gestione, da parte degli operatori sanitari, della diastasi addominale post-partum. Obiettivo: lo scopo di questo elaborato di tesi è quello di definire il ruolo del fisioterapista nel trattamento della diastasi addominale post-partum e di individuare gli interventi fisioterapici più efficaci e appropriati per la presa in carico delle pazienti affette da questa condizione clinica. Materiale e metodi: il metodo di indagine utilizzato in questa tesi è la revisione narrativa della letteratura. Per la ricerca sono state consultate due banche dati: Pubmed e PEDro, e per accedere alla lettura del full text degli articoli è stato utilizzato il servizio Proxy fornito dall’Università degli Studi di Padova. Sono stati presi in considerazione studi primari pubblicati in lingua inglese negli ultimi dieci anni. Sono stati selezionati diciassette articoli, i quali hanno evidenziato quali sono i trattamenti fisioterapici più efficaci per la riabilitazione delle pazienti con diastasi dei retti addominali post-partum. Risultati e Discussione: il trattamento fisioterapico che è risultato più efficace nel migliorare la diastasi addominale post-partum è l’esercizio terapeutico focalizzato sull’attivazione della muscolatura addominale, soprattutto di quella profonda. Di fondamentale importanza risulta l’educazione della paziente alla corretta esecuzione degli esercizi e dei gesti quotidiani. La revisione della letteratura ha inoltre fatto emergere che l’esercizio abbinato all’uso della stimolazione elettrica neuromuscolare e dei supplementi addominali, come il corsetto addominale o il Tubigrip, ha un impatto positivo sulla diastasi dei retti addominali. Secondo alcuni autori, l’utilizzo dell’esercizio ipopressivo, della manipolazione viscerale, del tape e delle terapie fisiche, favoriscono una riduzione della diastasi addominale. Conclusioni: il ruolo del fisioterapista è cruciale nel percorso riabilitativo delle donne che presentano distasi dei retti addominali. Il suo compito è quello di valutare, educare e riabilitare, elaborando programmi di trattamento personalizzati sulle specifiche esigenze e capacità fisiche di ciascuna paziente. La letteratura più recente definisce quali siano gli interventi più appropriati ed efficaci che il fisioterapista può mettere in atto al fine di raggiungere con successo il miglior stato di salute della paziente con diastasi addominale.
Il ruolo del fisioterapista nel trattamento della diastasi dei retti addominali nel post-partum. Una revisione narrativa della letteratura.
CESCHIN, FANNI
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: approximately 30 percent of women suffer from postpartum abdominal diastasis, a dysfunction of the abdominal wall in which there is deterioration of qualitative tissue of the linea alba, and an increase in the distance between the two rectus muscles of the abdomen. Patients suffering from this condition may present with symptoms which include: abdominal bloating, digestive and respiratory distress, deficits in abdominal muscle recruitment and trunk stabilization, low back pain, potential umbilical or gastric herniation, and often struggle psychologically with an altered body image. These symptoms, as well as aesthetic concerns, significantly affect a patient’s quality of life. Patients can consider surgery in those cases which are most severe, but for all other women, along with the health professionals caring for, and treating those women with postpartum diastasis, they have to contend with an underestimated pathology. Even now, opportunities for physiotherapists to perform conservative interventions are not promoted as often as they should be within healthcare. Currently, no international recommendations are in place regarding the health, care, and management of postpartum abdominal diastasis. Aim: the aim of this thesis paper is to define the role of the physiotherapist in treatment of postpartum abdominal diastasis and to identify those physiotherapy interventions which are most effective and appropriate when caring for patients with this clinical condition. Material and methods: the method of investigation used in this thesis is narrative literature review. Two databases were consulted for the search: Pubmed and PEDro, and the Proxy service provided by the University of Padua was used to access the full text reading of the articles. Primary studies published in English in the last ten years were considered. Seventeen articles were included, which highlighted which physiotherapy treatments are most effective for the rehabilitation of patients with postpartum rectus abdominis diastasis. Results and Discussion: the physiotherapy treatment that has been found to be most effective in improving postpartum abdominal diastasis is the therapeutic exercise focused on activating the abdominal muscles, especially the deep muscles. Education of the patient on the correct execution of exercises and daily gestures is essential. The literature review also revealed that exercise combined with the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and abdominal supplements, such as the abdominal corset or Tubigrip, has a positive impact on abdominal rectus diastasis. According to some authors, the use of hypopressive exercise, visceral manipulation, tape and physical therapies promote a reduction in abdominal diastasis. The role of the physiotherapist is to assess the rehabilitation needs of the patient with abdominal rectus diastasis and propose physiotherapy treatments supported by the best evidence in order to successfully achieve the patient's greatest health status. Conclusions: the role of the physiotherapist is crucial in the rehabilitation pathway of women with distasis of the rectus abdominis. His task is to assess, educate and rehabilitate, developping treatment programs tailored to each patient's specific physical needs and abilities. The most recent literature defines what are the most appropriate and effective interventions that the physical therapist can implement in order to successfully achieve the best health status of the patient with abdominal diastasis. In the future, the multidisciplinary care for the management of this widespread pathological condition, in which the physiotherapist plays a key role, the funtion of the physiotherapist in the prevention of this condition, the long-term effects of physiotherapy and the treatment of abdominal diastasis in men will need to be further investigated.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56620