Introduction Emotions are very important throughout life, especially they have considerable influence in the developmental period of each human being. When, a child or adolescent is hospitalized and experiences illness, this generates different experiences according to the characteristics of the patient, family, pathology etc. Therefore, the emotions that different patients experience are very different from each other and it is also from these emotions and their processing that the ways in which the patient will experience the illness and the doctor's prescriptions over time are determined. In this paper we will explore the experience of hospitalization and the emotions related to it in two groups of patients, the participants in the first group are 6 to 11 years old while those in the second group are 12 to 18 years old. Goals To recognize the peculiarities of the experience and expression of emotions in the child and adolescent during hospitalization; To identify whether and how the peculiarities that are identified may be useful to the Professional Educator in his work with pediatric patients of different ages. To understand what may be the most appropriate tools that the Professional Educator in Pediatrics can use to work on the emotional area in different ages. Materials and Methodology Semi-structured interviews were conducted using open-ended questions and with the help of pictures depicted on Dixit board game cards. Specifically, 10 patients with an age range of 6 to 11 years and 10 patients with an age range of 12 to 18 years were interviewed. In addition, quantitative data were collected using a purpose-built observation grid. Results Through data analysis, it could be observed that the children and adolescents interviewed had similar perceptions of hospitalization in some aspects and different ones in others. In particular, what was found in both children and adolescents was the association of hospitalization with the feeling of imprisonment, which among adolescents is also juxtaposed with loneliness and boredom. Regarding the emotions associated with hospitalization, the emotion most reported by participants in both age groups is sadness. This stands out particularly among adolescents, who chose the other emotions to a lesser extent, while among children, joy also stands out alongside sadness, which turns out to be the second most frequent emotion, along with fear, in adolescents as well. In addition, it could be found that both age groups were able to answer the questions posed to them during the interview showing good emotional awareness. Conclusions Within the research sample, it was found that each of the two groups of patients, while maintaining elements in common with the other, has its own peculiarities. The Professional Educator working in Pediatrics, through the different tools at his disposal, can observe the differences and respond to the different needs detected, building a more effective intervention, which also takes into account the emotional dimension and the experience of individual patients. In addition, it was found that the Professional Educator, in providing a space for listening, welcoming, meeting and playing on a child- and youth-friendly basis, such as the one provided by the Association Gioco e Benessere in Pediatria, contributed in the patients interviewed to downsizing the cumbersome presence of the disease, to relieving at least temporarily and partially the child and youth from suffering, giving them back the dimension of child and youth that is theirs but that in the hospital risks being replaced by being sick.
Introduzione: Le emozioni sono molto importanti durante tutto l’arco della vita, in particolare hanno un’influenza considerevole nel periodo dello sviluppo di ciascun essere umano. Quando, un bambino o un adolescente viene ricoverato in ospedale e fa esperienza della malattia, ciò genera diversi vissuti in base alle caratteristiche del paziente, della famiglia, della patologia etc. Perciò, le emozioni che i diversi pazienti vivono sono molto diverse tra loro ed è anche a partire da queste emozioni e dalla loro elaborazione che si determina le modalità con cui il paziente vivrà la malattia e le prescrizioni del medico nel tempo. In questo elaborato si approfondirà il vissuto del ricovero e le emozioni ad esso correlate in due gruppi di pazienti, i partecipanti del primo gruppo hanno dai 6 agli 11 anni mentre quelli del secondo gruppo dai 12 ai 18 anni. Obiettivi Riconoscere le peculiarità del vissuto e dell’espressione delle emozioni nel bambino e nell’adolescente durante il ricovero; Individuare se e come le peculiarità che si individuano possano risultare utili all’Educatore Professionale nel suo lavoro coi pazienti pediatrici di diverse età. Comprendere quali possano essere gli strumenti più idonei che l’Educatore Professionale in Pediatria può usare per lavorare sull’area emotiva nelle diverse età. Materiali e metodi Sono state realizzate delle interviste semi strutturate utilizzando domande aperte e con l’ausilio delle immagini rappresentate sulle carte del gioco da tavolo Dixit. In particolare, sono stati intervistati 10 pazienti con un’età compresa tra i 6 e gli 11 anni e 10 pazienti con un’età compresa tra i 12 e i 18 anni. Inoltre, sono stati raccolti dati quantitativi mediante una griglia di osservazione costruita ad hoc. Risultati Tramite l’analisi dei dati si è potuto osservare che i bambini e gli adolescenti intervistati avevano una percezione del ricovero in alcuni aspetti simile, in altri differente. In particolare, ciò che è stato rilevato sia nei bambini che negli adolescenti è l’associazione del ricovero con la sensazione di prigionia, che tra gli adolescenti viene affiancata anche alla solitudine e alla noia. Per quanto riguarda le emozioni associate al ricovero, l’emozione più riportata dai partecipanti di entrambe le fasce di età è la tristezza. Questa spicca in modo particolare tra gli adolescenti che hanno scelto in misura minore le altre emozioni, mentre tra i bambini spicca affianco alla tristezza anche la gioia che risulta essere la seconda emozione più frequente, insieme alla paura, anche nell’adolescente. Inoltre, si è potuto rilevare che entrambe le fasce di età sono state in grado di rispondere ai quesiti posti loro durante l’intervista mostrando una buona consapevolezza emotiva. Conclusioni All’interno del campione di ricerca è stato rilevato che ciascuno dei due gruppi di pazienti, pur mantenendo degli elementi in comune con l’altro, ha le sue peculiarità. L’Educatore Professionale che lavora in Pediatria, tramite i diversi strumenti a sua disposizione, può osservare le differenze e rispondere ai diversi bisogni rilevati, costruendo un intervento più efficace, che tenga in considerazione anche la dimensione emotiva e il vissuto dei singoli pazienti. Inoltre, si è rilevato che l’Educatore Professionale, nel fornire uno spazio di ascolto, accoglienza, incontro e gioco a misura dei bambini e dei ragazzi, come quello fornito dall’Associazione Gioco e Benessere in Pediatria, ha contribuito nei pazienti intervistati a ridimensionare la presenza ingombrante della malattia, ad alleggerirli almeno temporaneamente e parzialmente dalla sofferenza, restituendo loro la dimensione di bambino e ragazzo che gli è propria ma che in ospedale rischia di essere sostituita dall’essere malati.
Le emozioni come strumento educativo per i bambini e gli adolescenti in pediatria. Una ricerca osservazionale
SINATORA, GIULIA
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction Emotions are very important throughout life, especially they have considerable influence in the developmental period of each human being. When, a child or adolescent is hospitalized and experiences illness, this generates different experiences according to the characteristics of the patient, family, pathology etc. Therefore, the emotions that different patients experience are very different from each other and it is also from these emotions and their processing that the ways in which the patient will experience the illness and the doctor's prescriptions over time are determined. In this paper we will explore the experience of hospitalization and the emotions related to it in two groups of patients, the participants in the first group are 6 to 11 years old while those in the second group are 12 to 18 years old. Goals To recognize the peculiarities of the experience and expression of emotions in the child and adolescent during hospitalization; To identify whether and how the peculiarities that are identified may be useful to the Professional Educator in his work with pediatric patients of different ages. To understand what may be the most appropriate tools that the Professional Educator in Pediatrics can use to work on the emotional area in different ages. Materials and Methodology Semi-structured interviews were conducted using open-ended questions and with the help of pictures depicted on Dixit board game cards. Specifically, 10 patients with an age range of 6 to 11 years and 10 patients with an age range of 12 to 18 years were interviewed. In addition, quantitative data were collected using a purpose-built observation grid. Results Through data analysis, it could be observed that the children and adolescents interviewed had similar perceptions of hospitalization in some aspects and different ones in others. In particular, what was found in both children and adolescents was the association of hospitalization with the feeling of imprisonment, which among adolescents is also juxtaposed with loneliness and boredom. Regarding the emotions associated with hospitalization, the emotion most reported by participants in both age groups is sadness. This stands out particularly among adolescents, who chose the other emotions to a lesser extent, while among children, joy also stands out alongside sadness, which turns out to be the second most frequent emotion, along with fear, in adolescents as well. In addition, it could be found that both age groups were able to answer the questions posed to them during the interview showing good emotional awareness. Conclusions Within the research sample, it was found that each of the two groups of patients, while maintaining elements in common with the other, has its own peculiarities. The Professional Educator working in Pediatrics, through the different tools at his disposal, can observe the differences and respond to the different needs detected, building a more effective intervention, which also takes into account the emotional dimension and the experience of individual patients. In addition, it was found that the Professional Educator, in providing a space for listening, welcoming, meeting and playing on a child- and youth-friendly basis, such as the one provided by the Association Gioco e Benessere in Pediatria, contributed in the patients interviewed to downsizing the cumbersome presence of the disease, to relieving at least temporarily and partially the child and youth from suffering, giving them back the dimension of child and youth that is theirs but that in the hospital risks being replaced by being sick.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56985