Introduction: Pectus Excavatum (PE) is a deformity of the chest wall that can often cause limitations in several subjects. In most cases it is resolved through surgery and the most used is the Nuss technique. But how are patients handled as a result of it? Objective: the aim of this project is to identify a rehabilitation program, through a review of scientific literature, that can be proposed to patients operated for the correction of PE, through the use of the Nuss technique. Methods: a survey was carried out by consulting the databases of PubMed, Pedro, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. From these, following a careful selection and definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were selected. From the analysis of these studies were collected the main information for the drafting of the project. For the research no limit has been set with respect to the population’s age of the articles, outcome evaluated, period of execution of the surgery and any follow-up or the type of studies included. Results: due to the great heterogeneity between the different studies it was decided to divide them into 5 categories: 1. Effects following the Nuss procedure (it was found that lung function values, evaluated among different patients, remained stable or decreased as a result of the surgery); 2. Effects following the removal of the bar/s (no improvement was recorded in any of the parameters evaluated); 3. Treatment proposals in the pre-surgery phase (the studies involved propose the use of Vacuum Bell (VB) for different patients because it allows to reduce the time spent in IT, although in the long term the differences between those who have used it or not are zero); 4. Treatment proposals in the post-surgery phase (at this stage the different articles recommended interventions such as early patient mobilization, exercises related to the respiratory component, greater participation in the different activities of daily life, proper education of family members and the patient himself, adequate postural hygiene and overall strengthening exercises); 5. Proposals for conservative treatment for PE management (the proposals identified in these studies are similar to those of the previous chapter such as the use of VB, indications of exercises related to respiratory mechanics, posture awareness, aerobic exercises and the use of an orthosis used in two Brazilian studies). Conclusion: The intervention proposed could eliminate or reduce many risks and problems in PE patients. Adequate preventive intervention is the key to which many professionals, who manage this type of patient, should aim to obtain satisfactory results.
Introduzione: il Pectus Excavatum (PE) è una deformità della parete toracica che può spesso causare limitazioni in diversi soggetti. Nella maggior parte dei casi viene risolta attraverso un intervento chirurgico e il più utilizzato è quello di Nuss. Ma come vengono gestiti i pazienti in seguito ad esso? Obiettivo: lo scopo di questo progetto è individuare un programma riabilitativo, attraverso una revisione della letteratura scientifica, che possa essere proposto ai pazienti operati per la correzione del PE, mediante l’uso della tecnica di Nuss. Materiali e metodi: è stata eseguita un’indagine consultando le banche dati informatiche di PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library e Google Scholar. Da queste, a seguito di un accurata selezione e definizione di determinati criteri di inclusione ed esclusione, sono stati ricavati 27 articoli. Dall’analisi di questi studi sono state raccolte le informazioni principali per la stesura del progetto. Per la ricerca non è stato posto alcun limite rispetto all’età della popolazione di studio degli articoli, outcome valutati, periodo di esecuzione dell’intervento chirurgico ed eventuali follow-up o tipologia di studi inclusi. Risultati: vista la grande eterogeneità tra i diversi studi è stato deciso di suddividerli in 5 categorie: 1. Effetti a seguito della procedura di Nuss (è emerso che a seguito dell’operazione i valori della funzionalità polmonare, valutati tra i diversi pazienti, sono rimasti stabili o diminuiti); 2. Effetti a seguito della rimozione della/e barra/e (non sono stati registrati miglioramenti in nessuno dei parametri valutati); 3. Proposte di trattamento nella fase pre-operatoria (gli studi coinvolti propongono l’uso della Vacuum Bell (VB) per i diversi pazienti perché permette di diminuire il tempo trascorso in TI, anche se nel lungo termine le differenze tra chi ne ha usufruito o meno sono nulle); 4. Proposte di trattamento nella fase post-operatoria (in questa fase i diversi articoli hanno consigliato interventi come mobilizzazioni precoci dei pazienti, esercizi legati alla componente respiratoria, una maggiore partecipazione alle diverse attività della vita quotidiana, una corretta educazione dei familiari e del paziente stesso, un’adeguata igiene posturale ed esercizi di rinforzo globale); 5. Proposte di trattamento conservativo per la gestione del PE (le proposte individuate in questi studi sono simili a quelle del capitolo precedente come l’uso della VB, indicazioni di esercizi legati alla meccanica respiratoria, consapevolezza delle posture, esercizi aerobici e l’uso di un’ortesi utilizzata in due studi brasiliani). Conclusioni: Il programma proposto potrebbe eliminare o ridurre molti rischi e problematiche nei pazienti che presentano il PE. Un adeguato intervento di prevenzione è la chiave a cui molti professionisti, che gestiscono questa tipologia di pazienti, dovrebbero puntare per ottenere dei risultati soddisfacenti.
PRINCIPI DI TRATTAMENTO FISIOTERAPICO PER PAZIENTI OPERATI CON LA TECNICA DI NUSS PER LA CORREZIONE DEL PECTUS EXCAVATUM (PE): REVISIONE NARRATIVA
PELLIZZER, PIETRO
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction: Pectus Excavatum (PE) is a deformity of the chest wall that can often cause limitations in several subjects. In most cases it is resolved through surgery and the most used is the Nuss technique. But how are patients handled as a result of it? Objective: the aim of this project is to identify a rehabilitation program, through a review of scientific literature, that can be proposed to patients operated for the correction of PE, through the use of the Nuss technique. Methods: a survey was carried out by consulting the databases of PubMed, Pedro, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. From these, following a careful selection and definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were selected. From the analysis of these studies were collected the main information for the drafting of the project. For the research no limit has been set with respect to the population’s age of the articles, outcome evaluated, period of execution of the surgery and any follow-up or the type of studies included. Results: due to the great heterogeneity between the different studies it was decided to divide them into 5 categories: 1. Effects following the Nuss procedure (it was found that lung function values, evaluated among different patients, remained stable or decreased as a result of the surgery); 2. Effects following the removal of the bar/s (no improvement was recorded in any of the parameters evaluated); 3. Treatment proposals in the pre-surgery phase (the studies involved propose the use of Vacuum Bell (VB) for different patients because it allows to reduce the time spent in IT, although in the long term the differences between those who have used it or not are zero); 4. Treatment proposals in the post-surgery phase (at this stage the different articles recommended interventions such as early patient mobilization, exercises related to the respiratory component, greater participation in the different activities of daily life, proper education of family members and the patient himself, adequate postural hygiene and overall strengthening exercises); 5. Proposals for conservative treatment for PE management (the proposals identified in these studies are similar to those of the previous chapter such as the use of VB, indications of exercises related to respiratory mechanics, posture awareness, aerobic exercises and the use of an orthosis used in two Brazilian studies). Conclusion: The intervention proposed could eliminate or reduce many risks and problems in PE patients. Adequate preventive intervention is the key to which many professionals, who manage this type of patient, should aim to obtain satisfactory results.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/58542