The Return of Eurasian Beavers: Mitigating Potential Conflicts Through Adaptive Management

The Eurasian Beaver is returning, after being hunted down to the brink of extinction for its fur, meat and castoreum glands from medieval times all through the 19th century. It is now recolonizing much of its previous range through conservation protocols, reintroduction efforts and natural recolonization of water units all over Europe. However, as many other species, its comeback is still under threat due to extensive human growth and urbanization, as well as climate change leading to diminished water reserves which are part of its natural and obligate habitat. Management strategies applicable to pre-existing populations, as well as for reintroduction protocols, are essential to ensure their permanence and sustainability. As a keystone species, beaver presence has the potential to create a positive cascading effect for the regeneration of wetland habitats and all its plant and animal residents. Furthermore, extensive scientific literature indicates beaver water storage through dam constructions, may help filter streams, replenish groundwater supplies and stop wildfire from spreading uncontrollably. However their presence also poses some risks both to agricultural and urban plots. When their dams collapse or spill over due to seasonal changes and sudden rainfall increase, the damages can be extensive and costly. Inhabiting waterways, they may also become vectors for disease propagation and pose a potential zoonosis threat. This article will discuss in depth the benefits and risks related to beaver presence, and provide management strategies to promote their conservation and mitigate human-beaver conflicts, keeping in mind animal welfare best practices to do so.