Background: Pancreatic islet allotransplantation is a promising minimally invasive therapeutic option for a subgroup of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) who are unable to maintain adequate glycemic control despite an optimal medical therapy and the use of advanced glucose-monitoring technologies Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to show and analyze the results of the new pancreatic islet allotransplantation program started in November 2023 at the Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Surgery Unit - Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOUP), describing the first transplants performed consecutively to date. Materials and Methods: A single-center observational descriptive study was conducted, analyzing the first four consecutive cases of pancreatic islet transplantation, performed on three patients. The study illustrates inclusion and exclusion criteria for recipients, assessment of their eligibility for islet transplantation, donor selection criteria, pancreatic islet isolation process, infusion procedure into the recipient, pharmacological protocol (focusing on the immunosuppressive regimen), post-procedure recipient monitoring and follow-up at 1 and 3 months post-infusion. Outcomes were assessed using the Igls 2.0 criteria and the BETA-2 score at 1 and 3 months post each infusion, analyzing C-peptide levels, insulin requirements and glycemic control (HbA1c and metrics derived from CGM sensors). Results: Patient 1 (male, 52 years) underwent two consecutive infusions and, given the unsatisfactory glycemic control at 3 months after the second infusion (Time In Range, TIR=13%), is currently listed for a third infusion. Patient 2 (female, 46 years), who had previously undergone two failed pancreas transplants, showed unchanged glycemic control 3 months after islet transplantation (TIR=46% pre- transplant vs TIR=47% post-transplant), leading to re-listing her for a second infusion. Patient 3 (male, 23 years), with a history of diabetes characterized by frequent episodes of severe hypoglycemia, demonstrated excellent glycemic control one month after transplantation (TIR=98%), which remained optimal and within target ranges even 3 months post-infusion (TIR=78%). All three transplanted patients showed an overall reduction in the Time Below Range (TBR) post- transplant, with a complete absence of severe hypoglycemic episodes. Regarding β-cell graft function, all patients achieved good graft function according to Igls 2.0 criteria at 1-month post-transplantation, while results were more heterogeneous at 3 months. No peri- or post-procedural complications were registered and all three patients showed good tolerance to immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusions: The data obtained – although limited by the small number of cases and the short follow-up period – were consistent with findings in the literature. Indeed, in contrast to whole pancreas transplantation, this study highlights that insulin independence should not be the primary goal for pancreatic islet transplantation. Its efficacy is evidenced by the improvement in glycemic control in T1D patients, compared to the pre-transplant period, and in the prevention of long-term severe hypoglycemic episodes. However, the progressive loss of β-cell graft function is a recognized challenge in islet transplantation, often necessitating multiple infusions. A careful selection of transplant candidates remains crucial, balancing clinical risks and benefits case-by-case since the indication for pancreatic islet allotransplantation is still limited by the need for chronic systemic immunosuppressive therapy.
Presupposti dello studio: L’allotrapianto di insule pancreatiche rappresenta una promettente opzione terapeutica per pazienti con diabete mellito di tipo 1 incapaci di mantenere un adeguato controllo glicemico, nonostante una terapia medica ottimale e l'uso di tecnologie avanzate di monitoraggio della glicemia. Scopo dello studio: Il presente studio si propone di presentare ed analizzare i risultati del nuovo programma di allotrapianto di insule pancreatiche avviato da novembre 2023 presso l’UOC Chirurgia dei Trapianti di Rene e Pancreas dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOUP), descrivendo i primi trapianti eseguiti consecutivamente fino ad oggi. Materiali e Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale descrittivo su singolo centro che analizza i primi quattro casi consecutivi di trapianto di insule pancreatiche, eseguiti su tre pazienti. Sono stati illustrati, nell’ordine: i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione dei riceventi, i criteri di selezione del donatore, il processo di isolamento delle insule pancreatiche, la procedura di infusione nel ricevente, il protocollo farmacologico utilizzato con particolare riguardo al regime immunosoppressivo, il monitoraggio del ricevente post-procedura e, infine, il follow-up a 1 e 3 mesi post-infusione. In particolare, sono stati valutati gli outcome secondo i criteri di Igls 2.0 e il BETA-2 score ad 1 e 3 mesi di distanza da ciascuna infusione, analizzando livelli di C- peptide, fabbisogno insulinico e controllo glicemico. Risultati: Il paziente 1 (maschio, di 52 anni) è stato sottoposto a due infusioni consecutive e, dato l’andamento glicemico non soddisfacente a 3 mesi dalla seconda infusione (Time In Range, TIR=13%), è attualmente in lista per eseguirne una terza. La paziente 2 (donna, di 46 anni), già sottoposta a due precedenti trapianti di pancreas falliti, a 3 mesi dal trapianto di insule presenta un controllo glicemico pressoché invariato (TIR=46% pre-trapianto vs TIR=47% post-trapianto), motivo per cui è stata anch’essa reinserita in lista per eseguire una seconda infusione. Il paziente 3 (maschio, di 23 anni), con storia di diabete caratterizzata da frequenti episodi di ipoglicemia severa, dimostra un eccellente controllo glicemico ad un mese dal trapianto (TIR=98%), che si è mantenuto ottimale e all’interno di tutti gli intervalli target anche a 3 mesi dall’infusione (TIR=78%). In tutti e tre i pazienti trapiantati, si è osservata l’assenza totale di episodi di ipoglicemia severa. Per ciò che concerne la funzionalità del graft, confrontando i risultati ottenuti con i criteri di Igls 2.0, tutti i pazienti ad un mese dal trapianto hanno raggiunto una buona graft function, mentre a 3 mesi i risultati appaiono più eterogenei. Non si sono documentate complicanze peri- e post-procedurali in nessun paziente e tutti e tre i pazienti hanno dimostrato una buona tolleranza della terapia immunosoppressiva. Conclusioni: I dati ottenuti, seppur limitati dalla ridotta numerosità dei casi e dalla brevità del periodo di follow-up, sono risultati concordi con quanto riscontrato in letteratura. Anche in questo studio, infatti, è stato evidenziato che l’indipendenza dal trattamento insulinico non deve rappresentare l’obiettivo primario del trapianto di insule pancreatiche. Al contrario, la sua efficacia risiede nella dimostrata capacità di migliorare il controllo glicemico nei pazienti con T1D rispetto all’epoca pre-trapianto e nel prevenire gli episodi di ipoglicemia severa a lungo termine. D’altro canto, la progressiva perdita di funzionalità del graft è una criticità del trapianto di insule universalmente riconosciuta e, per questo, non è per nulla inconsueta la necessità di eseguire infusioni multiple. Resta fondamentale un’attenta selezione del paziente, in quanto, l’indicazione all’allotrapianto di insule pancreatiche è ancora limitata dalla necessità di impostare una terapia immunosoppressiva cronica.
Allotrapianto di insule pancreatiche: analisi della casistica e dei risultati di un nuovo programma italiano
BERTUOL, ARIANNA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic islet allotransplantation is a promising minimally invasive therapeutic option for a subgroup of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) who are unable to maintain adequate glycemic control despite an optimal medical therapy and the use of advanced glucose-monitoring technologies Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to show and analyze the results of the new pancreatic islet allotransplantation program started in November 2023 at the Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Surgery Unit - Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOUP), describing the first transplants performed consecutively to date. Materials and Methods: A single-center observational descriptive study was conducted, analyzing the first four consecutive cases of pancreatic islet transplantation, performed on three patients. The study illustrates inclusion and exclusion criteria for recipients, assessment of their eligibility for islet transplantation, donor selection criteria, pancreatic islet isolation process, infusion procedure into the recipient, pharmacological protocol (focusing on the immunosuppressive regimen), post-procedure recipient monitoring and follow-up at 1 and 3 months post-infusion. Outcomes were assessed using the Igls 2.0 criteria and the BETA-2 score at 1 and 3 months post each infusion, analyzing C-peptide levels, insulin requirements and glycemic control (HbA1c and metrics derived from CGM sensors). Results: Patient 1 (male, 52 years) underwent two consecutive infusions and, given the unsatisfactory glycemic control at 3 months after the second infusion (Time In Range, TIR=13%), is currently listed for a third infusion. Patient 2 (female, 46 years), who had previously undergone two failed pancreas transplants, showed unchanged glycemic control 3 months after islet transplantation (TIR=46% pre- transplant vs TIR=47% post-transplant), leading to re-listing her for a second infusion. Patient 3 (male, 23 years), with a history of diabetes characterized by frequent episodes of severe hypoglycemia, demonstrated excellent glycemic control one month after transplantation (TIR=98%), which remained optimal and within target ranges even 3 months post-infusion (TIR=78%). All three transplanted patients showed an overall reduction in the Time Below Range (TBR) post- transplant, with a complete absence of severe hypoglycemic episodes. Regarding β-cell graft function, all patients achieved good graft function according to Igls 2.0 criteria at 1-month post-transplantation, while results were more heterogeneous at 3 months. No peri- or post-procedural complications were registered and all three patients showed good tolerance to immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusions: The data obtained – although limited by the small number of cases and the short follow-up period – were consistent with findings in the literature. Indeed, in contrast to whole pancreas transplantation, this study highlights that insulin independence should not be the primary goal for pancreatic islet transplantation. Its efficacy is evidenced by the improvement in glycemic control in T1D patients, compared to the pre-transplant period, and in the prevention of long-term severe hypoglycemic episodes. However, the progressive loss of β-cell graft function is a recognized challenge in islet transplantation, often necessitating multiple infusions. A careful selection of transplant candidates remains crucial, balancing clinical risks and benefits case-by-case since the indication for pancreatic islet allotransplantation is still limited by the need for chronic systemic immunosuppressive therapy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65829