Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune metabolic syndrome characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This condition leads to a deficiency of insulin in the body, resulting in an increase in blood glucose, known as hyperglycemia, which is the hallmark of diabetic disease. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that the global prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population is approximately 1.2 million patients, a number which unfortunately is destined to increase. In particular, this pathology, although it usually manifests itself in adolescence, can also appear in very young children, causing stress for themselves and their families. The treatment regime is indeed complex and demanding and poses great obstacles to caregivers, particularly mothers, as they are responsible for the majority of treatment management. For this reason, the present research project aims to investigate the psychological functioning of pediatric patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus and their respective mothers. This was done specifically by exploring the implementation of coping strategies by patients, and the levels of anxiety, in mothers and patients, compared with healthy children and their respective mothers. Two samples were then collected, one consisting of 56 children with diabetes and their mothers, and a control group with 61 healthy children and their mothers. The research also aims to investigate in the clinical sample the presence of associations between children's coping strategies and anxiety of the children themselves or their mothers. Anxiety in mothers was measured through two surveys, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y (STAI-Y), while that of children was measured through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAY-C). In addition, the children were administered the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to evaluate their psychological functioning by obtaining a baseline, and finally the Children's Coping Strategies Checklist-Revision1 (CCSC-R1) to analyze coping strategies. The results show that children with diabetes do not show a higher level of anxiety than healthy children, however it is observed that they use the coping strategy of distraction more frequently; mothers in the clinical group, however, present greater anxiety compared to the control sample. Finally, it is found that the use of some coping strategies commonly considered adaptive, such as cognitive restructuring, is correlated with less anxiety both in the patients themselves and in their mothers. Understanding psychological functioning in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus allowed us to observe the relationship between coping strategies in children and anxiety in themselves and in their mothers, also carrying out a comparison with a healthy sample for both psychological constructs."
Il Diabete Mellito di Tipo 1 (DMT1) è una sindrome metabolica autoimmune caratterizzata dalla distruzione delle cellule beta-pancreatiche. Questa condizione conduce a una carenza di insulina nel corpo, risultando in un aumento del glucosio nel sangue, noto come iperglicemia, che rappresenta il segnale distintivo della malattia diabetica. L’International Diabetes Federation (IDF), stima che la prevalenza mondiale nella popolazione pediatrica del diabete mellito di tipo 1 sia circa di 1,2 milioni di pazienti, numero che purtroppo è destinato ad aumentare. In particolare tale patologia, sebbene solitamente si manifesti in adolescenza, può comparire anche in bambini molto piccoli comportando stress in essi stessi e nelle loro famiglie. Il regime di trattamento è infatti complesso e impegnativo e pone grandi ostacoli ai cargiver, in particolare alle madri, in quanto responsabili della maggior parte della gestione del trattamento. Per questo, il presente progetto di ricerca si pone l’obbiettivo di indagare il funzionamento psicologico di pazienti in età pediatrica affetti da diabete mellito di tipo 1 e delle loro rispettive madri. Ciò è stato fatto nello specifico andando ad esplorare la messa in atto di strategie di coping da parte dei pazienti, ed i livelli di ansia, in madri e pazienti, a confronto con bambini sani e loro rispettive madri. Sono stati quindi raccolti due campioni, uno composto da 56 bambini con diabete e le loro madri, e un gruppo di controllo con 61 bambini sani e le loro madri. La ricerca vuole inoltre indagare nel campione clinico la presenza di associazioni tra strategie di coping dei bambini e ansia dei bambini stessi o delle madri. L’ansia nelle madri è stata misurata attraverso due survey il General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) e lo State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y(STAI-Y), mentre quella dei bambini tramite Lo State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAY-C). In aggiunta ai bambini è stato somministrato lo Strenght and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) per valutare il loro funzionamento psicologico ottenendo una baseline, e infine il Children's Coping Strategies Checklist-Revision1 (CCSC-R1) per analizzare le strategie di coping. Dai risultati emerge come i bambini con diabete non mostrino un livello di ansia superiore rispetto ai bambini sani, tuttavia si osserva che utilizzano più frequentemente la strategia di coping della distrazione; le madri del gruppo clinico invece presentano una maggiore ansia in confronto al campione di controllo. Infine si riscontra che l’utilizzo di alcune strategie di coping ritenute comunemente adattive, come la ristrutturazione cognitiva, sia correlato a una minore ansia sia nei pazienti stessi che nelle loro madri. Comprendere il funzionamento psicologico nel Diabete Mellito di tipo 1 ha permesso di osservare la relazione tra strategie di coping nei bambini e ansia in essi stessi e nelle loro madri, attuando inoltre un confronto con un campione sano per entrambi i costrutti psicologici.
Assessment delle strategie di coping e dei sintomi di ansia nei bambini con Diabete Mellito di tipo 1 e nelle loro madri
BRUSIANI, LAURA
2023/2024
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune metabolic syndrome characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This condition leads to a deficiency of insulin in the body, resulting in an increase in blood glucose, known as hyperglycemia, which is the hallmark of diabetic disease. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that the global prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population is approximately 1.2 million patients, a number which unfortunately is destined to increase. In particular, this pathology, although it usually manifests itself in adolescence, can also appear in very young children, causing stress for themselves and their families. The treatment regime is indeed complex and demanding and poses great obstacles to caregivers, particularly mothers, as they are responsible for the majority of treatment management. For this reason, the present research project aims to investigate the psychological functioning of pediatric patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus and their respective mothers. This was done specifically by exploring the implementation of coping strategies by patients, and the levels of anxiety, in mothers and patients, compared with healthy children and their respective mothers. Two samples were then collected, one consisting of 56 children with diabetes and their mothers, and a control group with 61 healthy children and their mothers. The research also aims to investigate in the clinical sample the presence of associations between children's coping strategies and anxiety of the children themselves or their mothers. Anxiety in mothers was measured through two surveys, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y (STAI-Y), while that of children was measured through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAY-C). In addition, the children were administered the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to evaluate their psychological functioning by obtaining a baseline, and finally the Children's Coping Strategies Checklist-Revision1 (CCSC-R1) to analyze coping strategies. The results show that children with diabetes do not show a higher level of anxiety than healthy children, however it is observed that they use the coping strategy of distraction more frequently; mothers in the clinical group, however, present greater anxiety compared to the control sample. Finally, it is found that the use of some coping strategies commonly considered adaptive, such as cognitive restructuring, is correlated with less anxiety both in the patients themselves and in their mothers. Understanding psychological functioning in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus allowed us to observe the relationship between coping strategies in children and anxiety in themselves and in their mothers, also carrying out a comparison with a healthy sample for both psychological constructs."File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/66139