The present paper aims at verifying the hypothesis of research according to which children, who possess logical abilities from the very first months of life, can benefit from targeted educational interventions that aim to help them to become more aware of these skills. Specifically, we investigate the potential that can be found in pupils belonging to the pre-school group with regard to the identification of the cause and effect relationship between two events. This investigation arises from personal interest in human psychic development, especially during the very early stages of growth, supported by the conviction that it is only by a profound knowledge of these mechanisms that an improvement in the educational processes that today are proposed by the plurality of educational institutions can result. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to verify whether a guided path of explication of logical relationships was able to influence (and, if so, to what extent) the cognitive development and reorganization of thought during childhood. The specific object of the study was the understanding and analysis of the processes activated by children to recognize and catalog causality links in a spontaneous way, thanks to the mediation of experience and the ingenuous ability to make predictions and elaborate hypotheses, even fanciful, based on it. The sources on which all this is anchored are many and can be found in different media, including a wide bibliography and website but also some TEDx conferences particularly interesting for the purposes of the treatment. As regards, however, the concrete aspects of research (and, therefore, the design of educational activities) it is important to refer to sources of regulatory, such as the Indicazioni nazionali per il curricolo per la scuola dell’infanzia e per il primo ciclo di istruzione del 2012 integrated with the New Scenarios of 2018, but also to a wealth of knowledge and experience gained during the attendance of the Degree Course and the years of internship completed. The subsequent phase of practical experimentation was implemented at the private kindergarten Santa Croce in Padua, also known as the Istituto delle Suore di San Francesco di Sales, and involved three groups of students (one of 3, one of 4 and one of 5 years). Specifically, the activities carried out two survey tests (one before and one after the implementation of the teaching interventions) interspersed with three specific activities lasting one hour each, such as an activity on the reordering of events according to chronological order, one on the recognition of the cause-effect link and on the explication of the meaning of cause and, finally, one last activity that tested the ability of children to distinguish succession from correlation. Both the survey tests and the activities were carried out in a similar way in the three sections, regardless of the age of the recipients, in order to better appreciate the most significant differences emerged from the comparison of the collected data. The results achieved showed a general improvement in the performance of some of the pupils, to varying degrees depending on the age group, about the ability to explicitly and consciously recognize logical connections and to choose appropriate words to indicate them. An in-depth examination of these results, accompanied by significant reflections on the pedagogical and didactic level, will conclude the work in question.
Il presente elaborato di Tesi si pone come obiettivo quello di verificare l’ipotesi di ricerca secondo cui i bambini, i quali possiedono abilità logiche ingenue fin dai primissimi mesi di vita, possano trarre beneficio da interventi educativi mirati che abbiano lo scopo di aiutarli ad acquisire maggiore consapevolezza di tali capacità. Nello specifico si indagano le potenzialità riscontrabili negli alunni appartenenti alla fascia prescolare, ossia tra i 3 e i 6 anni d’età, relativamente all’individuazione della relazione di causa ed effetto tra due eventi. Questa indagine nasce dall’interesse personale per lo sviluppo psichico umano, in particolare durante le primissime fasi della crescita, sostenuto dalla convinzione che sia solo dalla conoscenza profonda di tali meccanismi che possa scaturire un cambiamento migliorativo dei processi educativi che ad oggi vengono proposti dalla pluralità delle istituzioni scolastiche. Lo scopo con cui è nata questa ricerca, dunque, era quello di verificare se un percorso guidato di esplicitazione delle relazioni logiche fosse in grado di influenzare (e, se sì, in che misura) lo sviluppo cognitivo e la riorganizzazione del pensiero durante l’infanzia. Oggetto specifico dello studio sono stati la comprensione e l’analisi dei processi attivati dai più piccoli per riconoscere e catalogare i legami di causalità in maniera spontanea, grazie alla mediazione dell’esperienza e alla capacità ingenua di fare previsioni ed elaborare ipotesi, anche fantasiose, basate su di essa. Le fonti su cui tutto ciò è ancorato sono molteplici e possono essere ritrovate in media diversi, tra cui un’ampia bibliografia e sitografia ma anche alcune conferenze TEDx particolarmente interessanti ai fini della trattazione. Per quanto riguarda, invece, gli aspetti concreti della ricerca (e, dunque, la progettazione delle attività didattiche) è importante fare riferimento a fonti di ordine normativo, come le Indicazioni nazionali per il curricolo per la scuola dell’infanzia e per il primo ciclo di istruzione del 2012 integrate con i Nuovi scenari del 2018, ma anche ad un bagaglio di conoscenze ed esperienze maturate durante la frequenza del Corso di Laurea e le annualità di tirocinio completate. La conseguente fase di sperimentazione pratica è stata implementata presso la Scuola dell’Infanzia paritaria Santa Croce di Padova, conosciuta anche come Istituto delle Suore di San Francesco di Sales, ed ha coinvolto tre gruppi di alunni (uno di 3, uno di 4 e uno di 5 anni). Nello specifico, le attività realizzate hanno compreso due test di rilevazione (uno precedente e uno successivo alla messa in atto degli interventi didattici) intervallati da tre attività specifiche della durata di un’ora ciascuna, quali un’attività sul riordino degli eventi in base all’ordine cronologico, una sul riconoscimento del legame causa-effetto e sull’esplicitazione del significato di causa e, infine, un’ultima attività che testasse l’abilità dei bambini di distinguere la successione dalla correlazione. Sia i test di rilevazione che le attività si sono svolte in maniera analoga nelle tre sezioni, a prescindere dall’età dei destinatari, al fine di poter meglio apprezzare le differenze più significative emerse dal confronto dei dati raccolti. I risultati conseguiti hanno evidenziato un miglioramento generale delle prestazioni di alcuni degli allievi, in diversa misura a seconda della fascia d’età, relativamente alle abilità di riconoscere in maniera esplicita e consapevole le connessioni logiche e di scegliere parole adeguate a indicarle. Un esame approfondito di tali esiti, accompagnato da significative riflessioni sul piano pedagogico e didattico, concluderà l’elaborato in oggetto.
L’abilità di cogliere nessi causali tra i tre e i sei anni. Un'analisi delle abilità logiche possedute dai bambini in età prescolare.
PIVA, ELISA
2023/2024
Abstract
The present paper aims at verifying the hypothesis of research according to which children, who possess logical abilities from the very first months of life, can benefit from targeted educational interventions that aim to help them to become more aware of these skills. Specifically, we investigate the potential that can be found in pupils belonging to the pre-school group with regard to the identification of the cause and effect relationship between two events. This investigation arises from personal interest in human psychic development, especially during the very early stages of growth, supported by the conviction that it is only by a profound knowledge of these mechanisms that an improvement in the educational processes that today are proposed by the plurality of educational institutions can result. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to verify whether a guided path of explication of logical relationships was able to influence (and, if so, to what extent) the cognitive development and reorganization of thought during childhood. The specific object of the study was the understanding and analysis of the processes activated by children to recognize and catalog causality links in a spontaneous way, thanks to the mediation of experience and the ingenuous ability to make predictions and elaborate hypotheses, even fanciful, based on it. The sources on which all this is anchored are many and can be found in different media, including a wide bibliography and website but also some TEDx conferences particularly interesting for the purposes of the treatment. As regards, however, the concrete aspects of research (and, therefore, the design of educational activities) it is important to refer to sources of regulatory, such as the Indicazioni nazionali per il curricolo per la scuola dell’infanzia e per il primo ciclo di istruzione del 2012 integrated with the New Scenarios of 2018, but also to a wealth of knowledge and experience gained during the attendance of the Degree Course and the years of internship completed. The subsequent phase of practical experimentation was implemented at the private kindergarten Santa Croce in Padua, also known as the Istituto delle Suore di San Francesco di Sales, and involved three groups of students (one of 3, one of 4 and one of 5 years). Specifically, the activities carried out two survey tests (one before and one after the implementation of the teaching interventions) interspersed with three specific activities lasting one hour each, such as an activity on the reordering of events according to chronological order, one on the recognition of the cause-effect link and on the explication of the meaning of cause and, finally, one last activity that tested the ability of children to distinguish succession from correlation. Both the survey tests and the activities were carried out in a similar way in the three sections, regardless of the age of the recipients, in order to better appreciate the most significant differences emerged from the comparison of the collected data. The results achieved showed a general improvement in the performance of some of the pupils, to varying degrees depending on the age group, about the ability to explicitly and consciously recognize logical connections and to choose appropriate words to indicate them. An in-depth examination of these results, accompanied by significant reflections on the pedagogical and didactic level, will conclude the work in question.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Piva_Elisa.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
3.11 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.11 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/66898