Probability teaching is fundamental from primary school as it allows the child to improve their mathematical, logical and critical thinking on the reality of the world. Often, this topic is taught little and superficially by teachers at school, relegated by teachers at the end of the curriculum, usually in the fifth primary class (only in the best cases at the end of the fourth primary class), because obliged by the Indicazioni Nazionali and, perhaps, with the desire to make a good impression in the INVALSI tests. Furthermore, probability requires lessons focused on playful, practical, experimental activities, preferably linked to real life, which allow learners to make directly experience on what they are learning. Too often, however, in primary school classes the topic of probability is proposed (due to the little time dedicated to it) only through the resolution of problems regarding dice, marbles and coins in the style of those that the children will then encounter in the INVALSI tests, always due to the teachers' desire not to disfigure the latter. In summary, the most suitable approach for teaching probability in primary school is the Frequentist one, while the Theoretical one is too often used. For my thesis, I consulted books and scientific articles which dealt with the topic of probability, the importance and relative methods of its teaching to children starting from primary school, its birth and the psychological theories underlying the development of probabilistic thought, the difficulties encountered by children in learning it, the different approaches and meanings it takes on, the teachers' attitudes and knowledge towards it. Furthermore, a general overview is offered of what school legislation (Italian, with some international examples) requires of schools in teaching/learning probability. My research was carried out mainly through an online questionnaire administered to primary school teachers which investigated their practices and beliefs (self-reported) in relation to probability teaching in their classes. This investigation was preceded by an exploratory survey carried out among mathematics teachers of a primary school in the municipality of Mira. The results obtained were then commented also in reference to the results of the INVALSI tests of recent years taken from the gestinv.com website. From the final results achieved it can be seen that, contrary to what was assumed at the beginning, the probability is proposed for the majority of teachers in their classes starting from the fourth primary class, with the frequency of one lesson per week and preferring experience in a real situation as technique, affirming the importance of using problems deriving from a real life situation in lessons as they develop children's problem solving ability in everyday situations. Even in the results of the INVALSI tests, the probability exercises, although present in decidedly lower numbers than those referring to other topics (operations, geometry...) obtained predominantly positive results, even compared with the latter.
Laureando: Rampazzo Riccardo Titolo: Tra il probabile e il certo. L’importanza della probabilità insegnata alla scuola primaria. Corso di Laurea: Dipartimento di Filosofia, Sociologia, Pedagogia e Psicologia applicata - Corso di laurea magistrale in Scienze della Formazione Primaria Primo relatore: Francesco Ciraulo La didattica della probabilità è fondamentale sin dalla scuola primaria in quanto permette al bambino di ampliare il proprio pensiero matematico, logico e critico sulla realtà del mondo. Spesso, questo argomento viene affrontato poco e in modo superficiale dagli insegnanti a scuola: relegato come “fanalino di coda” dagli insegnanti al termine del curricolo, di solito nella quinta classe primaria (solo nei casi migliori alla fine della quarta classe primaria) in quanto obbligati dalle Indicazioni Nazionali e, magari, con la volontà di fare bella figura nelle Prove INVALSI. Inoltre, la probabilità esige una didattica incentrata su attività di tipo ludico, pratico, sperimentale, meglio se agganciate ala vita reale, che permettano ai discenti di fare esperienza in prima persona di ciò che stanno apprendendo. Troppo spesso, invece, nelle classi di scuola primaria l’argomento della probabilità viene proposto (per il poco tempo dedicatogli) solo attraverso la risoluzione di problemi su dadi, biglie e monete sullo stile di quelli che poi i bambini incontreranno nelle prove INVALSI, sempre per la volontà degli insegnanti di non sfigurare su queste ultime. In sintesi, l’approccio più adatto per affrontare la probabilità alla scuola primaria è quello frequentista, mentre troppo spesso viene utilizzato quello teorico. Per la mia tesi, sono stati consultati libri e articoli scientifici che trattassero l’argomento della probabilità, l’importanza e la relativa modalità del suo insegnamento ai bambini sin dalla scuola primaria, la sua nascita e le teorie psicologiche alla base dello sviluppo del pensiero probabilistico, le difficoltà incontrate dai bambini nel suo apprendimento, i diversi approcci e significati che assume, gli atteggiamenti e le conoscenze degli insegnanti nei suoi confronti; inoltre, viene offerta una panoramica generale di ciò che la normativa scolastica (italiana, con qualche esempio internazionale) richiede alle scuole nell’insegnamento/apprendimento della probabilità. La mia ricerca si è svolta principalmente attraverso un questionario online somministrato agli insegnanti di scuola primaria che indagava le loro pratiche (autoriferite) e le loro credenze in riferimento alla didattica della probabilità nelle loro classi. Tale indagine è stata preceduta da un’indagine esplorativa svolta tra gli insegnanti di matematica di una scuola primaria del comune di Mira. I risultati ottenuti sono stati poi commentati anche in riferimento ai risultati delle prove INVALSI degli ultimi anni presi dal sito gestinv.com. Dai risultati finali conseguiti si evince che, a contrario di quanto si supponeva all’inizio, la probabilità viene proposta per la maggior parte degli insegnanti nelle loro classi già a partire dalla classe quarta primaria, con la frequenza di una lezione a settimana e preferendo come tecnica l’esperienza in situazione reale, affermando l’importanza di utilizzare nelle lezioni problemi derivanti da una situazione di vita reale in quanto sviluppano nei bambini la capacità di problem solving nelle situazioni quotidiane. Anche nei risultati delle prove INVALSI, gli esercizi di probabilità, seppure presenti in numero decisamente inferiore rispetto a quelli riferiti ad altri argomenti (operazioni, geometria,…) hanno ottenuto risultati prevalentemente positivi, anche confrontati con questi ultimi.
Tra il probabile e il certo. L'importanza della probabilità insegnata alla Scuola Primaria.
RAMPAZZO, RICCARDO
2023/2024
Abstract
Probability teaching is fundamental from primary school as it allows the child to improve their mathematical, logical and critical thinking on the reality of the world. Often, this topic is taught little and superficially by teachers at school, relegated by teachers at the end of the curriculum, usually in the fifth primary class (only in the best cases at the end of the fourth primary class), because obliged by the Indicazioni Nazionali and, perhaps, with the desire to make a good impression in the INVALSI tests. Furthermore, probability requires lessons focused on playful, practical, experimental activities, preferably linked to real life, which allow learners to make directly experience on what they are learning. Too often, however, in primary school classes the topic of probability is proposed (due to the little time dedicated to it) only through the resolution of problems regarding dice, marbles and coins in the style of those that the children will then encounter in the INVALSI tests, always due to the teachers' desire not to disfigure the latter. In summary, the most suitable approach for teaching probability in primary school is the Frequentist one, while the Theoretical one is too often used. For my thesis, I consulted books and scientific articles which dealt with the topic of probability, the importance and relative methods of its teaching to children starting from primary school, its birth and the psychological theories underlying the development of probabilistic thought, the difficulties encountered by children in learning it, the different approaches and meanings it takes on, the teachers' attitudes and knowledge towards it. Furthermore, a general overview is offered of what school legislation (Italian, with some international examples) requires of schools in teaching/learning probability. My research was carried out mainly through an online questionnaire administered to primary school teachers which investigated their practices and beliefs (self-reported) in relation to probability teaching in their classes. This investigation was preceded by an exploratory survey carried out among mathematics teachers of a primary school in the municipality of Mira. The results obtained were then commented also in reference to the results of the INVALSI tests of recent years taken from the gestinv.com website. From the final results achieved it can be seen that, contrary to what was assumed at the beginning, the probability is proposed for the majority of teachers in their classes starting from the fourth primary class, with the frequency of one lesson per week and preferring experience in a real situation as technique, affirming the importance of using problems deriving from a real life situation in lessons as they develop children's problem solving ability in everyday situations. Even in the results of the INVALSI tests, the probability exercises, although present in decidedly lower numbers than those referring to other topics (operations, geometry...) obtained predominantly positive results, even compared with the latter.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/66901