Second life of lithium-ion batteries: degradation methods, selection of batteries, applications and environmental benefits

Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most widely used source of power for electrical vehicles. They are usually retired when they reach 70-80% of their state of health. To ensure a circular economy, the best option is to give them a second life in less demanding applications before recycling. This thesis focuses on the mechanisms that lead to battery degradation, the estimation of the state of health, the selection and regrouping of batteries for echelon utilisation, various applications possible and the environmental benefits of second life.