Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment used in the therapy for both cancerous and non-neoplastic diseases, such as dermatoses and infections. Its key elements are light, photosensitizers (PSs) and molecular oxygen. Most chemical PSs used nowadays in PDT produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through type II photoreaction, and tend to have side effects, such as long term sensitivity to light. In this thesis, we focus on the KillerRed protein (KR), a genetically encoded red fluorescent photosensitizer, characterized by a dimeric structure, derived from the green fluorescent protein (GFP). We delve into the structure and properties of KR, its targeting capabilities and its delivery strategies via different means (from viral vectors to nanoparticles). We also examine its application in cancer treatment, and the potential advantages of its use in PDT, alone as well as in combination with other therapies.
La terapia fotodinamica (PDT – Photodynamic Therapy) è un trattamento non invasivo utilizzato nella terapia sia di malattie cancerose sia non neoplastiche, come dermatosi e infezioni. I suoi elementi chiave sono la luce, i fotosensibilizzatori (PS - Photosensitizers) e l'ossigeno molecolare. La maggior parte dei PS chimici utilizzati oggi nella PDT producono specie reattive dell'ossigeno (ROS – Reactive Oxygen Species) attraverso una fotoreazione di tipo II e tendono ad avere effetti collaterali, come la sensibilità alla luce a lungo termine. In questa tesi, ci concentriamo sulla proteina KillerRed (KR), un fotosensibilizzatore fluorescente rosso geneticamente codificato, caratterizzato da una struttura dimerica, derivato dalla proteina fluorescente verde (GFP – Green Fluorescent Protein). Approfondiamo la struttura e le proprietà della proteina KR, le sue capacità di targeting e le sue strategie di somministrazione attraverso diversi mezzi (dai vettori virali alle nanoparticelle). Esaminiamo anche la sua applicazione nel trattamento del cancro e i potenziali vantaggi del suo utilizzo nella PDT, da sola o in combinazione con altre terapie.
La proteina KillerRed: proprietà biofisiche e utilizzo nella terapia sperimentale del cancro
RIGO, MARIA CAMILLA
2023/2024
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment used in the therapy for both cancerous and non-neoplastic diseases, such as dermatoses and infections. Its key elements are light, photosensitizers (PSs) and molecular oxygen. Most chemical PSs used nowadays in PDT produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through type II photoreaction, and tend to have side effects, such as long term sensitivity to light. In this thesis, we focus on the KillerRed protein (KR), a genetically encoded red fluorescent photosensitizer, characterized by a dimeric structure, derived from the green fluorescent protein (GFP). We delve into the structure and properties of KR, its targeting capabilities and its delivery strategies via different means (from viral vectors to nanoparticles). We also examine its application in cancer treatment, and the potential advantages of its use in PDT, alone as well as in combination with other therapies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/68333