Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of fatty tissue in the body and is one of the most common nutritional disorders among companion animals. This pathological condition is generally attributed to overeating and/or insufficient energy expenditure, resulting in a positive energy balance. The therapeutic approach is based on the use of a low-calorie diet. To enhance the efficiency of weight loss and optimize lipid metabolism in obese animals, the use of various nutraceuticals has been proposed. Among these, ALIamides, a family of fatty acid amides, are of particular interest for their role in counteracting local autacoid-mediated injury (ALIA). ALIAmides include endogenous bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) that are biosynthesized in response to cellular stress and tissue damage, with a pro-homeostatic purpose. The NAEs most commonly used in the treatment of obesity include N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine (PEA) and N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine (LEA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss on hematobiochemical and behavioral parameters in a group of obese castrated male cats on a low-calorie diet. A further objective was to investigate the efficacy of a supplement containing a mixture of NAE (5.4% OEA, 0.9% PEA and 1.3% LEA) administered via a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled protocol. This supplement (or placebo) was administered to cats during both a body weight maintenance phase (8 weeks) and a slimming phase (8 weeks). It was hypothesized that supplementation with NAE could improve lipid and glucose metabolism and counteract the meta-inflammation associated with obesity. To achieve these objectives, 14 obese castrated male cats were enrolled for a period of 20 weeks, divided into three phases a 4-week initial adaptation phase to the new maintenance diet (T0-T1), an 8-week overweight maintenance phase (T1-T2) during which the supplement or placebo was administered along with a maintenance diet that was the same for all, and an 8-week slimming phase (T2-T3) in which a diet specifically formulated for weight loss was added to the placebo or supplement. In total, four visits were carried out (T0, T1, T2 and T3). The study results showed that the cats experienced an average weekly weight loss of 1%. With regard to metabolizable energy (ME), during the maintenance phase, the average EM calculated on the basis of ideal body weight (IBW) was 75.7 kcal/kg IBW 0,67. The energy restriction required to achieve a 1% reduction in body weight averaged 37%, compared to the maintenance EM of 48.3 kcal/kg IBW0,67. Weight loss was associated with increased in physical activity, food seeking and vocalizations, while the time spent sleeping and drinking decreased. Analysis of blood samples showed that weight loss led to a statistically significant reduction in total protein, albumin, cholesterol, some liver enzymes (ALP and GGT), fructosamine and most electrolytes (calcium, magnesium, potassium, chlorine and sodium). In contrast, taking the supplement showed no significant effect on the parameters assessed. In conclusion, dietary therapy remains the most effective approach for the management of obesity in companion animals.
L'obesità viene definita come un accumulo anomalo di tessuto adiposo nel corpo ed è uno dei disturbi nutrizionali più comuni tra gli animali da compagnia. Questa condizione patologica è generalmente attribuibile ad una sovralimentazione e/o a un dispendio energetico insufficiente, con conseguente stato di bilancio energetico positivo. L’approccio terapeutico si basa sull’impiego di una dieta ipocalorica e per migliorare l’efficienza della perdita di peso e ottimizzare il metabolismo lipidico negli animali obesi, è stato proposto l’uso di diversi nutraceutici. Tra questi, le ALIamidi, una famiglia di amidi di acidi grassi, sono di particolare interesse per il loro ruolo nel contrastare le lesioni locali mediate da autacoidi (ALIA). Le ALIAmidi includono le N-aciletanolammine bioattive endogene (NAE) che vengono biosintetizzate in risposta allo stress cellulare e al danno tissutale, con finalità pro-omeostatica. Tra le NAE maggiormente utilizzate nel trattamento dell’obesità figurano la N-oleoil-etanoloammina (OEA), la N-palmitoil-etanoloammina (PEA) e la N-linoleil-etanolammina (LEA). L’obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di valutare l’effetto del dimagrimento su parametri ematobiochimici e comportamentali in un gruppo di gatti maschi castrati obesi, sottoposti ad un regime dietetico ipocalorico. Ulteriore obiettivo è stato quello di indagare l’efficacia di un integratore contenente una miscela di NAE (5,4% OEA, 0,9% PEA e 1,3% LEA) somministrato attraverso un protocollo randomizzato in doppio cieco controllato con placebo. Tale integratore (o il placebo) veniva somministrato ai gatti sia durante una fase di mantenimento del peso corporeo (8 settimane), sia durante una fase di dimagrimento (8 settimane). Si è ipotizzato che l'integrazione con NAE possa migliorare il metabolismo lipidico e glucidico e contrastare la meta-infiammazione associata all’ obesità. Per raggiungere tali obiettivi, sono stati arruolati 14 gatti maschi castrati obesi per un periodo di 20 settimane, suddiviso in tre fasi: una fase iniziale di adattamento alla nuova dieta di mantenimento di 4 settimane (T0-T1), una fase di mantenimento del sovrappeso di 8 settimane (T1-T2) durante la quale è stato somministrato l’integratore o il placebo insieme ad una dieta di mantenimento uguale per tutti e una fase di dimagrimento di 8 settimane (T2-T3) in cui, al placebo o all’integratore, è stata aggiunta una dieta specificatamente formulata per la perdita di peso. In totale, sono state effettuate quattro visite (T0, T1, T2 e T3). I risultati dello studio hanno mostrato come la perdita di peso settimanale nei gatti è stata mediamente pari all’1%. Per quanto riguarda l’energia metabolizzabile (EM), durante la fase di mantenimento, l’EM media calcolata in base al peso corporeo ideale (PCI) è risultata pari 75,7 kcal/kg PCI0,67. La restrizione energetica necessaria per ottenere una riduzione dell’1% del peso corporeo è stata mediamente del 37%,rispetto all’EM di mantenimento, corrispondente al 48,3 kcal/kg PCI0,67. Dal punto di vista comportamentale, è stato osservato come la perdita di peso abbia determinato un aumento dell’attività fisica, della ricerca del cibo e delle vocalizzazioni, mentre è diminuito il tempo trascorso a dormire e a bere. L’analisi dei campioni ematici ha evidenziato come il dimagrimento abbia portato ad una riduzione statisticamente significativa delle proteine totali, dell’albumina, del colesterolo, di alcuni enzimi epatici (ALP e GGT), della fruttosamina e della maggior parte degli elettroliti (calcio, magnesio, potassio, cloro e sodio). Al contrario, l’assunzione dell’integratore non ha esplicato un effetto significativo sui parametri valutati. In conclusione, la terapia dietetica rimane l’approccio più efficace per la gestione dell’obesità negli animali da compagnia.
Effetto della perdita di peso in gatti obesi alimentati con una dieta ipocalorica integrata con ALIamidi: uno studio randomizzato, in doppio cieco, controllato con placebo
PERIPOLLI, CHIARA MARIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of fatty tissue in the body and is one of the most common nutritional disorders among companion animals. This pathological condition is generally attributed to overeating and/or insufficient energy expenditure, resulting in a positive energy balance. The therapeutic approach is based on the use of a low-calorie diet. To enhance the efficiency of weight loss and optimize lipid metabolism in obese animals, the use of various nutraceuticals has been proposed. Among these, ALIamides, a family of fatty acid amides, are of particular interest for their role in counteracting local autacoid-mediated injury (ALIA). ALIAmides include endogenous bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) that are biosynthesized in response to cellular stress and tissue damage, with a pro-homeostatic purpose. The NAEs most commonly used in the treatment of obesity include N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine (PEA) and N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine (LEA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss on hematobiochemical and behavioral parameters in a group of obese castrated male cats on a low-calorie diet. A further objective was to investigate the efficacy of a supplement containing a mixture of NAE (5.4% OEA, 0.9% PEA and 1.3% LEA) administered via a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled protocol. This supplement (or placebo) was administered to cats during both a body weight maintenance phase (8 weeks) and a slimming phase (8 weeks). It was hypothesized that supplementation with NAE could improve lipid and glucose metabolism and counteract the meta-inflammation associated with obesity. To achieve these objectives, 14 obese castrated male cats were enrolled for a period of 20 weeks, divided into three phases a 4-week initial adaptation phase to the new maintenance diet (T0-T1), an 8-week overweight maintenance phase (T1-T2) during which the supplement or placebo was administered along with a maintenance diet that was the same for all, and an 8-week slimming phase (T2-T3) in which a diet specifically formulated for weight loss was added to the placebo or supplement. In total, four visits were carried out (T0, T1, T2 and T3). The study results showed that the cats experienced an average weekly weight loss of 1%. With regard to metabolizable energy (ME), during the maintenance phase, the average EM calculated on the basis of ideal body weight (IBW) was 75.7 kcal/kg IBW 0,67. The energy restriction required to achieve a 1% reduction in body weight averaged 37%, compared to the maintenance EM of 48.3 kcal/kg IBW0,67. Weight loss was associated with increased in physical activity, food seeking and vocalizations, while the time spent sleeping and drinking decreased. Analysis of blood samples showed that weight loss led to a statistically significant reduction in total protein, albumin, cholesterol, some liver enzymes (ALP and GGT), fructosamine and most electrolytes (calcium, magnesium, potassium, chlorine and sodium). In contrast, taking the supplement showed no significant effect on the parameters assessed. In conclusion, dietary therapy remains the most effective approach for the management of obesity in companion animals.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70941