Climate change is showing the obvious necessity of decarbonization of all sectors responsible of greenhouse gas emissions. The main goal ratified by European Union is reaching carbon neutrality by 2050, this entails massive technical and logistic trials, especially concerning few sectors such as aviation, very hard to electrify at the state of art and for which is necessary to identify short and medium term decarbonization strategies that do not involve a new generation aircraft design. A solution is using sustainable fuels, whose production, currently, comes trough the use of biomass and the subsequent blending with traditional fuel; sustainable feedstocks used in this process are thereby available in limited amounts. However, it is possible to produce carbon neutral aircraft fuel from renewable energy and CO2, the latter captured from the atmosphere or obtained from industrial processes. Electrolysis of water enables to obtain renewable hydrogen, which together with the CO2, constitute the starting point for sustainable aircraft fuel production trough Fischer-Tropsch or Mobil process. This work aims to analyse them both and identify their differences in terms of the process itself and efficiency, focusing on carbon and energy balance.
Il cambiamento climatico in atto pone un’evidente necessità di decarbonizzazione di tutti i settori responsabili di emissioni di gas serra. L’obiettivo sancito dall’Unione Europea è il raggiungimento della neutralità climatica entro il 2050, ciò comporta notevoli difficoltà di tipo tecnico e logistico in alcuni settori come nel caso dell’aviazione, difficilmente elettrificabile allo stato dell’arte e per il quale è necessario individuare delle strategie di decarbonizzazione a breve e medio termine che non prevedano la progettazione di una nuova generazione di velivoli. Una possibile soluzione è l’utilizzo di carburanti sostenibili la cui produzione, ad oggi, avviene tramite l’utilizzo di biomassa e la successiva miscelazione con carburante tradizionale; si tratta però di una materia prima ottenibile in maniera ‘sostenibile’ solamente in misura limitata. È possibile, tuttavia, produrre carburante avio a neutralità climatica utilizzando energia rinnovabile e CO2, quest’ultima ottenuta tramite cattura dall’atmosfera o da processi industriali. L’elettrolisi dell’acqua permette di produrre idrogeno rinnovabile che insieme alla CO2 citata precedentemente costituiscono il punto di partenza per ottenere carburante avio in maniera sostenibile tramite il processo Fischer-Tropsch o Mobil. Questo elaborato si propone di analizzare entrambi ed individuarne le differenze sia in termini di processo sia di efficienza e quindi considerando il bilancio del carbonio e quello energetico.
Cherosene sintetico per un’aviazione sostenibile – Comparazione tra i processi Fischer-Tropsch e Mobil
DI CAPUA, SAVERIO
2023/2024
Abstract
Climate change is showing the obvious necessity of decarbonization of all sectors responsible of greenhouse gas emissions. The main goal ratified by European Union is reaching carbon neutrality by 2050, this entails massive technical and logistic trials, especially concerning few sectors such as aviation, very hard to electrify at the state of art and for which is necessary to identify short and medium term decarbonization strategies that do not involve a new generation aircraft design. A solution is using sustainable fuels, whose production, currently, comes trough the use of biomass and the subsequent blending with traditional fuel; sustainable feedstocks used in this process are thereby available in limited amounts. However, it is possible to produce carbon neutral aircraft fuel from renewable energy and CO2, the latter captured from the atmosphere or obtained from industrial processes. Electrolysis of water enables to obtain renewable hydrogen, which together with the CO2, constitute the starting point for sustainable aircraft fuel production trough Fischer-Tropsch or Mobil process. This work aims to analyse them both and identify their differences in terms of the process itself and efficiency, focusing on carbon and energy balance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/71976