The study aims to investigate different types of mulching in the organic cultivation of onions to evaluate which technique has the best results in terms of weed control, yield, and product quality. The study was conducted at the Verdevivo Bio Agricultural Company from September 2023 to June 2024. The types of mulching compared were wood chips, straw, hay, bran, and polypropylene film, applied to plots where the onion varieties Sanatoga, Lunga di Firenze, Dalila, and Fabulosa were transplanted. Materials already available on the farm were used to conduct the experiments to simulate a realistic situation the farmer could implement economically. The soil was prepared to accommodate the onion plants purchased from the nursery. After soil tillage and fertilization, eleven plots of one square meter each were set up, on which different mulching materials were applied in varying amounts. During the months of experimentation, data were collected weekly on weed emergence, soil pH, and soil moisture. From the results obtained, analyzing the biomass of the weeds, it emerged, as expected, that polypropylene film is the most efficacious method for weed control, as it keeps the main crop free from competition for several months. However, the disadvantage of polypropylene plastic film is that it must be disposed of at the end of the cycle, whereas organic materials remain in the soil and could provide benefits, a crucial aspect for organic farming aimed at soil improvement. Regarding onion harvesting at the end of the cycle, it was observed that, considering the different maturation times specific to each variety, the largest diameter onions developed in the plots with polypropylene film (in some cases, the film hole was too narrow, causing malformations in the onions). The highest yield was obtained in the plots where bran was used as a mulching material. In conclusion, it was not possible to identify a natural mulching method that allows for weed management with high efficacy. It would be necessary to repeat the test for a longer period to obtain a more complete comparison of the various methods, including soil analyses to determine changes over time.
Il lavoro di tesi si propone di indagare diverse tipologie di pacciamatura nella coltivazione biologica della cipolla, al fine di valutare quale sia la tecnica più efficace in termini di controllo delle piante infestanti, resa e qualità del prodotto. Lo studio si è svolto presso la Società Agricola Verdevivo Bio, da settembre 2023 a giugno 2024. Le tipologie di pacciamatura messe a confronto sono state: truciolato, paglia, fieno, crusca e telo in polipropilene, applicati su parcelle in cui sono state trapiantate le varietà di cipolla Sanatoga, Lunga di Firenze, Dalila e Fabulosa. È stato deciso di utilizzare materiali già presenti in azienda per eseguire la prova, al fine di simulare una situazione realistica che l’azienda potrebbe implementare in modo economico. Il terreno è stato preparato per accogliere le piante di cipolla acquistate dal vivaio. Dopo la lavorazione e concimazione del terreno, sono state allestite undici parcelle di un metro quadrato ciascuna, sulle quali sono stati applicati diversi materiali pacciamanti in differenti quantità. Durante i mesi di sperimentazione, con cadenza settimanale, sono stati raccolti dati sull'emergenza delle malerbe, il pH del terreno e l’umidità del suolo. Dai risultati ottenuti, analizzando la biomassa delle piante infestanti, è emerso, come ci si aspettava, che il telo in polipropilene è il metodo più efficace per il controllo delle malerbe, poiché mantiene la coltura principale libera dalla competizione per diversi mesi. Tuttavia, il telo in polipropilene ha lo svantaggio che a fine ciclo deve essere smaltito, mentre i materiali organici rimangono nel suolo e potrebbero apportare benefici al terreno, un aspetto cruciale per la coltivazione biologica mirata al miglioramento del suolo. Per quanto riguarda la raccolta delle cipolle, a fine ciclo, si è osservato che, considerando i diversi tempi di maturazione specifici di ogni varietà, le cipolle con il diametro maggiore si sono sviluppate nelle parcelle con il telo in polipropilene (in alcuni casi, il foro del telo era troppo stretto, causando malformazioni nelle cipolle). La maggiore resa è stata ottenuta nelle parcelle dove è stata utilizzata la crusca come materiale pacciamante. In conclusione, non è stato possibile individuare un metodo di pacciamatura naturale che permetta una efficace gestione delle malerbe. Sarebbe necessario ripetere la prova per un periodo più lungo, al fine di ottenere un confronto più completo dei vari metodi, includendo anche analisi del suolo per determinare le variazioni nel tempo.
Confronto tra diverse pacciamature naturali sulla coltivazione biologica della cipolla in serra
GALLON, DANTE
2023/2024
Abstract
The study aims to investigate different types of mulching in the organic cultivation of onions to evaluate which technique has the best results in terms of weed control, yield, and product quality. The study was conducted at the Verdevivo Bio Agricultural Company from September 2023 to June 2024. The types of mulching compared were wood chips, straw, hay, bran, and polypropylene film, applied to plots where the onion varieties Sanatoga, Lunga di Firenze, Dalila, and Fabulosa were transplanted. Materials already available on the farm were used to conduct the experiments to simulate a realistic situation the farmer could implement economically. The soil was prepared to accommodate the onion plants purchased from the nursery. After soil tillage and fertilization, eleven plots of one square meter each were set up, on which different mulching materials were applied in varying amounts. During the months of experimentation, data were collected weekly on weed emergence, soil pH, and soil moisture. From the results obtained, analyzing the biomass of the weeds, it emerged, as expected, that polypropylene film is the most efficacious method for weed control, as it keeps the main crop free from competition for several months. However, the disadvantage of polypropylene plastic film is that it must be disposed of at the end of the cycle, whereas organic materials remain in the soil and could provide benefits, a crucial aspect for organic farming aimed at soil improvement. Regarding onion harvesting at the end of the cycle, it was observed that, considering the different maturation times specific to each variety, the largest diameter onions developed in the plots with polypropylene film (in some cases, the film hole was too narrow, causing malformations in the onions). The highest yield was obtained in the plots where bran was used as a mulching material. In conclusion, it was not possible to identify a natural mulching method that allows for weed management with high efficacy. It would be necessary to repeat the test for a longer period to obtain a more complete comparison of the various methods, including soil analyses to determine changes over time.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73322