Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the sports population are very common, with tens of thousands occurring each year in Italy. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by grafting is the most common surgery to regain function, and months of rehabilitation follow with a focus on stabilization, recovery of strength and muscle trophism. One promising approach that appears not to significantly stress the knee joint, particularly on the neo ligament, is Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT): one uses a special medical device that causes controlled vascular occlusion in combination with low-load muscle training, i.e., calibrated resistance between 20% and 40% of 1 maximal repetition (RM) during the application of an inflatable cuff or tourniquet around a limb (proximal to the target muscles), which restricts blood flow to and from the contracting muscles . When the loads used are lower, e.g., <20% of 1-RM, higher pressure (>80% AOP) may be needed to stimulate muscle growth, but further studies are needed to confirm this. It is not yet known whether different muscle groups require different pressure recommendations. This approach dates back to Dr. Yoshiaki Sato in Japan, where it was known as “Kaatsu training,” which means training “with additional pressure.” Kaatsu training is now performed worldwide and is more commonly referred to as “BFR training.” In administering this therapy, the main goal is to increase the trophic adaptation response, improve muscle strength, and stimulate angiogenesis of the involved districts early. To increase the strength and trophism of a muscle, mechanical and metabolic stimuli must be induced in it. Vascular occlusion caused by BFR would bring both of these stimuli by inducing the recruitment of type 2 fibers that would be recruited during high-load activities. Therefore, through the use of the BFR, the same results would be obtained as from a high-load treatment by using a low-load treatment instead. However, the recent meta-analysis by Lixandrão et al. (2018) showed, however, a higher increase in muscle strength when it comes to high load training (HL-RE) compared to low load using BFR (BFR-RE). On the other hand, the same meta-analysis showed that BFR-RE induced comparable increases in muscle mass compared to HL-RE. Therefore, although the muscle strength gains observed in BFR-RE are lower than HL-RE, BFR is more effective than LL-RE alone and can be used when HL-RE is not advisable.
Le lesioni del legamento crociato anteriore nella popolazione sportiva sono molto frequenti, ogni anno in Italia se ne verificano decine di migliaia. La ricostruzione del legamento crociato anteriore tramite innesto è l’intervento più comune per recuperare la funzione, e seguono mesi di riabilitazione con una particolare attenzione alla stabilizzazione, al recupero della forza e del trofismo muscolare. Un approccio promettente che sembra non stressare significativamente l’articolazione del ginocchio, in particolare sul neo-legamento, è il Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT): si utilizza un particolare dispositivo medico che provoca un’occlusione vascolare controllata in combinazione con un allenamento muscolare a basso carico, cioè con una resistenza tarata tra il 20% ed il 40% di 1 ripetizione massimale (RM) durante l’applicazione di una cuffia gonfiabile o di un laccio emostatico intorno a un arto (prossimalmente rispetto ai muscoli target), che limita l’afflusso di sangue da e verso i muscoli che si contraggono. Nella somministrazione di questa terapia l’obiettivo principale è quello di aumentare la risposta di adattamento trofico, migliorare la forza muscolare e stimolare l’angiogenesi dei distretti coinvolti in tempi precoci. Per aumentare la forza e il trofismo di un muscolo, bisogna indurre in questo degli stimoli meccanici e metabolici. L’occlusione vascolare provocata dal BFR apporterebbe entrambi questi stimoli inducendo il reclutamento di fibre di tipo 2 che verrebbero reclutate durante le attività ad alto carico. Pertanto, attraverso l’utilizzo del BFR, si otterrebbero gli stessi risultati, se non maggiori e migliori, di un trattamento ad alto carico utilizzandone invece uno a basso carico. È stato eseguito uno studio, un case report, monitorando il recupero funzionale attraverso l’utilizzo del BFR dopo intervento allograft in una ragazza di 20 anni giocatrice di pallavolo
UTILIZZO DEL BFR (BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION) NEL RECUPERO FUNZIONALE DOPO LESIONE E RICOSTRUZIONE DI LCA IN UNA GIOVANE PALLAVOLISTA: UN CASE REPORT.
SAGGION, BENEDETTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the sports population are very common, with tens of thousands occurring each year in Italy. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by grafting is the most common surgery to regain function, and months of rehabilitation follow with a focus on stabilization, recovery of strength and muscle trophism. One promising approach that appears not to significantly stress the knee joint, particularly on the neo ligament, is Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT): one uses a special medical device that causes controlled vascular occlusion in combination with low-load muscle training, i.e., calibrated resistance between 20% and 40% of 1 maximal repetition (RM) during the application of an inflatable cuff or tourniquet around a limb (proximal to the target muscles), which restricts blood flow to and from the contracting muscles . When the loads used are lower, e.g., <20% of 1-RM, higher pressure (>80% AOP) may be needed to stimulate muscle growth, but further studies are needed to confirm this. It is not yet known whether different muscle groups require different pressure recommendations. This approach dates back to Dr. Yoshiaki Sato in Japan, where it was known as “Kaatsu training,” which means training “with additional pressure.” Kaatsu training is now performed worldwide and is more commonly referred to as “BFR training.” In administering this therapy, the main goal is to increase the trophic adaptation response, improve muscle strength, and stimulate angiogenesis of the involved districts early. To increase the strength and trophism of a muscle, mechanical and metabolic stimuli must be induced in it. Vascular occlusion caused by BFR would bring both of these stimuli by inducing the recruitment of type 2 fibers that would be recruited during high-load activities. Therefore, through the use of the BFR, the same results would be obtained as from a high-load treatment by using a low-load treatment instead. However, the recent meta-analysis by Lixandrão et al. (2018) showed, however, a higher increase in muscle strength when it comes to high load training (HL-RE) compared to low load using BFR (BFR-RE). On the other hand, the same meta-analysis showed that BFR-RE induced comparable increases in muscle mass compared to HL-RE. Therefore, although the muscle strength gains observed in BFR-RE are lower than HL-RE, BFR is more effective than LL-RE alone and can be used when HL-RE is not advisable.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75774