Introduction: adolescence is a crucial and complex phase of life, marked by uncertainties, the search for identity, and the challenge of balancing personal desires and social expectations, all in a context full of stimuli and pressures. The onset of chronic pathology further complicates this phase, increasing the adolescent's suffering, hindering relationships with peers and generating conflict in family relationships. Objectives: to understand whether diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) affects relationships with peers and parents; to understand how T1DM affects relationships with peers and parents; to identify the circumstances in which the main relational difficulties related to managing the chronic condition emerge; to understand how the figure of the Professional Educator can intervene in order to make interpersonal relationships functional. Materials and Methods: data were collected through a qualitative research method known as Focus Group, which is an interview conducted simultaneously with a specific group of individuals. Questions were drafted to stimulate group discussion and, in particular, 5 questions related to the relationship with parents and 5 related to the relationship with peers were chosen. The study involved 24 patients diagnosed with T1DM in the care of the Pediatric Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases of the Developmental Age of the Hospital-University of Padua aged 15 to 18 years. Results: the present study shows a partial influence of type 1 diabetes mellitus on relationships with peers. Specifically, numerous difficulties related to the communication of the diagnosis emerge. Adolescents report a variety of emotional states resulting from difficulties related to the management of chronic pathology, and these dynamics seem to complicate the process of social integration. Chronic pathology also has a significant impact on the relationship with parental figures, generating complex dynamics characterized by the constant tension between the parents' desire to protect their child and the adolescent's demand for greater autonomy. Conclusions: the present study made it possible to explore the emotional and relational complexities involved in the management of chronic disease, allowing for greater awareness of the educational needs of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. From the survey conducted, the importance of a targeted intervention by the Professional Educator emerged, who must possess specific skills (practical, emotional and relational) to support the young person. These skills are necessary to assist the patient in the practical management of the condition, to create an environment in which common experiences can be shared, and to facilitate communication between the adolescent and their respective families.
Introduzione: l’adolescenza è una fase cruciale e complessa della vita, contraddistinta da incertezze, dalla ricerca dell’identità e dalla sfida di trovare un equilibrio tra desideri personali e aspettative sociali, il tutto in un contesto ricco di stimoli e pressioni. L’insorgenza di una patologia cronica complica ulteriormente tale fase, incrementando le sofferenze dell’adolescente, ostacolando le relazioni con i coetanei e generando conflitti nei rapporti familiari. Obiettivi: comprendere se il diabete mellito di tipo 1 (DMT1) ha ripercussioni nelle relazioni con i pari e con i genitori; comprendere in che modo il DMT1 influenza le relazioni con i pari e con i genitori; identificare le circostanze in cui emergono le principali difficoltà relazionali legate alla gestione della patologia cronica; comprendere come la figura dell’Educatore Professionale può intervenire al fine di rendere funzionali le relazioni interpersonali. Materiali e metodi: i dati sono stati raccolti mediante un metodo di ricerca qualitativo, noto come Focus Group, ovvero un’intervista condotta simultaneamente ad uno specifico gruppo di individui. Sono state redatte le domande per stimolare la discussione di gruppo e, in particolare, sono stati scelti 5 quesiti relativi alla relazione con i genitori e 5 relativi alla relazione con i pari. Lo studio ha coinvolto 24 pazienti con diagnosi di DMT1 in carico presso l’UOSD Diabetologia Pediatrica e Malattie Metaboliche dell’Età Evolutiva dell’Azienda Ospedale - Università di Padova (AOUP) di età compresa tra i 15 e i 18 anni. Risultati: il presente studio evidenzia un'influenza parziale del diabete mellito di tipo 1 sulle relazioni con i coetanei. Nello specifico, emergono numerose difficoltà legate alla comunicazione della diagnosi. Gli adolescenti riportano una varietà di stati emotivi derivanti dalle difficoltà legate alla gestione della patologia cronica e tali dinamiche sembrano complicare il processo di integrazione sociale. La patologia cronica, inoltre, ha un impatto significativo sulla relazione con le figure genitoriali, generando dinamiche complesse, caratterizzate dalla costante tensione tra il desiderio dei genitori di proteggere il figlio e la richiesta di maggiore autonomia del ragazzo. Conclusioni: il presente studio ha permesso di esplorare le complessità emotive e relazionali legate alla gestione della patologia cronica, consentendo di acquisire una maggiore consapevolezza dei bisogni educativi degli adolescenti affetti da diabete mellito di tipo 1. Dall’indagine condotta, è emersa l’importanza di un intervento mirato da parte dell'Educatore Professionale, il quale deve possedere specifiche competenze (pratiche, emotive e relazionali) per supportare il giovane. Tali competenze risultano necessarie per assistere il paziente nella gestione pratica della patologia, per creare un ambiente in cui sia possibile la condivisione di esperienze comuni e per facilitare la comunicazione tra l’adolescente e le rispettive famiglie.
Adolescenti e diabete mellito di tipo 1: aspetti educativi nella gestione delle relazioni tra pari e in famiglia. Uno studio osservazionale.
LIONELLO, SANDY
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: adolescence is a crucial and complex phase of life, marked by uncertainties, the search for identity, and the challenge of balancing personal desires and social expectations, all in a context full of stimuli and pressures. The onset of chronic pathology further complicates this phase, increasing the adolescent's suffering, hindering relationships with peers and generating conflict in family relationships. Objectives: to understand whether diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) affects relationships with peers and parents; to understand how T1DM affects relationships with peers and parents; to identify the circumstances in which the main relational difficulties related to managing the chronic condition emerge; to understand how the figure of the Professional Educator can intervene in order to make interpersonal relationships functional. Materials and Methods: data were collected through a qualitative research method known as Focus Group, which is an interview conducted simultaneously with a specific group of individuals. Questions were drafted to stimulate group discussion and, in particular, 5 questions related to the relationship with parents and 5 related to the relationship with peers were chosen. The study involved 24 patients diagnosed with T1DM in the care of the Pediatric Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases of the Developmental Age of the Hospital-University of Padua aged 15 to 18 years. Results: the present study shows a partial influence of type 1 diabetes mellitus on relationships with peers. Specifically, numerous difficulties related to the communication of the diagnosis emerge. Adolescents report a variety of emotional states resulting from difficulties related to the management of chronic pathology, and these dynamics seem to complicate the process of social integration. Chronic pathology also has a significant impact on the relationship with parental figures, generating complex dynamics characterized by the constant tension between the parents' desire to protect their child and the adolescent's demand for greater autonomy. Conclusions: the present study made it possible to explore the emotional and relational complexities involved in the management of chronic disease, allowing for greater awareness of the educational needs of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. From the survey conducted, the importance of a targeted intervention by the Professional Educator emerged, who must possess specific skills (practical, emotional and relational) to support the young person. These skills are necessary to assist the patient in the practical management of the condition, to create an environment in which common experiences can be shared, and to facilitate communication between the adolescent and their respective families.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77030