Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a very common condition in pediatric age, with an average prevalence of 2-3% and a higher incidence in females. The diagnosis of AIS and its subsequent treatment can have a significant impact on the lives of patients and their families. In rehabilitative care, the focus is often placed on changes in clinical and biomechanical aspects, while the environmental, emotional-relational components and the patient’s personal experience are often neglected. Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of contextual factors in influencing the quality of life of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and to understand how physiotherapy intervention can positively impact the improvement of rehabilitative care. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research was conducted through the administration of a semi-structured interview to 23 adolescents diagnosed with AIS. The interview was constructed in two phases: the first phase involved a literature review in the scientific databases PubMed, PEDro, and Cochrane Library using the keywords “Scoliosis,” “Health Related Quality of Life,” “Quality of Life,” “Treatment,” and “Body Image.” In the second phase, an analysis of the SRS-22 and ISYQOL questionnaires was conducted, which allowed for the definition of three macro-areas of analysis and the creation of a set of 16 questions. The patients’ responses were fully transcribed, and a qualitative analysis and interpretation of the collected data was performed, integrating them into the theoretical framework provided by the scientific literature. Results: The patients’ testimonies made it possible to explore their personal experiences, particularly concerning their awareness of the condition, expectations, body perception, and emotional and psychological impact. Regarding interaction with the external world, the role of the family and social participation were examined in depth. Lastly, adherence to home exercises and the relationship with physiotherapy were explored. The analysis of the interviews confirmed the importance of these factors in rehabilitative care. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of a holistic and personalized approach in the treatment of AIS, which considers not only the clinical aspects but also the psychological, social and environmental ones, to improve treatment compliance and rehabilitation outcomes.
Background: La scoliosi idiopatica adolescenziale (AIS) è una patologia molto diffusa in età pediatrica, con una prevalenza media del 2-3% e incidenza maggiore nel sesso femminile. La diagnosi di AIS e il trattamento che ne consegue, possono determinare un importante impatto nella realtà dei pazienti e delle loro famiglie. Nella presa in carico riabilitativa spesso si pone l’accento sulle modificazioni degli aspetti clinici e biomeccanici, trascurando invece la componente ambientale, emotivo relazionale e il vissuto del paziente. Obiettivo: Questo studio si pone l’obiettivo di indagare il ruolo dei fattori di contesto nell’influenzare la qualità di vita dei pazienti con scoliosi idiopatica adolescenziale, nonché di comprendere in che modo l’intervento fisioterapico possa influire positivamente sul miglioramento della presa in carico riabilitativa. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta una ricerca qualitativa mediante la somministrazione di un’intervista semi-strutturata a 23 soggetti adolescenti con diagnosi di AIS. La costruzione dell’intervista ha previsto una prima fase di ricerca bibliografica nei database scientifici PubMed, PEDro e Cochrane Library utilizzando le parole chiave “Scoliosis”, “Health Related Quality Of Life”, “Quality of life”, “Treatment”, “Body Image”. In seconda fase, è stata condotta un’analisi dei questionari SRS-22 e ISYQOL, che ha permesso la definizione di tre macro aree di analisi, e la relativa traccia di 16 domande. Le risposte fornite dai pazienti sono state trascritte integralmente, in seguito è stata svolta l’analisi e interpretazione qualitativa dei dati raccolti, integrandoli al quadro teorico fornito dalla letteratura scientifica. Risultati: Le testimonianze dei pazienti hanno permesso di esplorare il vissuto personale dei pazienti, in particolare rispetto la consapevolezza della condizione, le aspettative, la percezione del corpo e l’impatto emotivo e psicologico. Riguardo l’interazione con il mondo esterno, sono stati approfonditi il ruolo della famiglia e la partecipazione sociale. Infine, sono stati esplorati l’aderenza agli esercizi domiciliari e il rapporto con la fisioterapia. L’analisi delle interviste ha confermato l’importanza di questi fattori nella presa in carico riabilitativa. Conclusioni: Questo studio sottolinea l’importanza di un approccio olistico e personalizzato nel trattamento dell’AIS, che prenda in considerazione non soltanto gli aspetti clinici, ma anche quelli psicologici, sociali e ambientali, per un miglioramento della compliance e dei risultati del trattamento riabilitativo.
Il ruolo dei fattori di contesto personali e ambientali nella qualità di vita di pazienti con scoliosi idiopatica adolescenziale: studio osservazionale
FAVERO, ANNA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a very common condition in pediatric age, with an average prevalence of 2-3% and a higher incidence in females. The diagnosis of AIS and its subsequent treatment can have a significant impact on the lives of patients and their families. In rehabilitative care, the focus is often placed on changes in clinical and biomechanical aspects, while the environmental, emotional-relational components and the patient’s personal experience are often neglected. Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of contextual factors in influencing the quality of life of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and to understand how physiotherapy intervention can positively impact the improvement of rehabilitative care. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research was conducted through the administration of a semi-structured interview to 23 adolescents diagnosed with AIS. The interview was constructed in two phases: the first phase involved a literature review in the scientific databases PubMed, PEDro, and Cochrane Library using the keywords “Scoliosis,” “Health Related Quality of Life,” “Quality of Life,” “Treatment,” and “Body Image.” In the second phase, an analysis of the SRS-22 and ISYQOL questionnaires was conducted, which allowed for the definition of three macro-areas of analysis and the creation of a set of 16 questions. The patients’ responses were fully transcribed, and a qualitative analysis and interpretation of the collected data was performed, integrating them into the theoretical framework provided by the scientific literature. Results: The patients’ testimonies made it possible to explore their personal experiences, particularly concerning their awareness of the condition, expectations, body perception, and emotional and psychological impact. Regarding interaction with the external world, the role of the family and social participation were examined in depth. Lastly, adherence to home exercises and the relationship with physiotherapy were explored. The analysis of the interviews confirmed the importance of these factors in rehabilitative care. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of a holistic and personalized approach in the treatment of AIS, which considers not only the clinical aspects but also the psychological, social and environmental ones, to improve treatment compliance and rehabilitation outcomes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77149